A. Terms Growing Soybean Plants
1 . landSoybean plants can grow on a variety of soil type on condition of drainage and soil aeration is quite good as well as the availability of water during the growing period .Soybean can be grown on soil type :• Alluvial , regosol grumosol , latosol and andosol• Podsolic Red Yellow , and soil containing quartz, should be given organic fertilizer, phosphate and liming .
2 . climate• Rainfall : optimal 100 -200 ml / month patchy rain• Temperature : between 25-27 degrees Celsius , with full irradiation ( min. 10 hours / day )• Humidity : 50 % Average• Height from sea level : 0-900 meters 650 meters above sea level optimal
3 . water• The period of vegetative ( growth ) : rainfall• generative period ( Flowering ) : less rainfall at flowering and seed maturation influence on soybean yield improvement .
B. Technical Cultivation
1 . Land preparationCleaning Weeds , Soil mixed shallow and weed immersed . Land preparation begins before the fall rains . Land cultivated with plow and harrow / hoe until crumbly . The pile width : 1 meter . For arrangements need to be made rainwater drainage channel on each and mapped around 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide . Soybean very stunted when stagnant water .
2 . Giving ManureManure when soil treatment is highly recommended, because it can improve soil conditions in addition to reducing the use of artificial fertilizers . Dosage Use Manure for the thin soil ± 5 tons / ha .
3 . Giving DolomiteSoybean want a neutral pH range 5-6 . so need liming acidic soils . Giving Dolomite with a dose of 2,000 kg / ha ( 200 g / m² ) is expected to create optimal soil pH .
4 . Giving Trichoderma spGiving Trichoderma performed in conjunction with manure and dolomite . Trichoderma function as decomposers , accelerating decay of organic materials either in compost or organic matter in the soil so it can be absorbed by plants , and as a preventative measure to prevent disease tanaman.Dosis Trichoderma : 400gr/Ha .
5 . Seed preparationToday many types of superior breeding soybean varieties were released for development . Among the new varieties is Slamet , Sindoro , Grobogan , Argomulyo , Burangrang , Kaba , Anjasmoro , and Panderman . Superior soybean varieties to an area does not necessarily indicate similar advantages in other areas , because of differences in climate , topography , and how to plant , as we know that in Indonesia agroekologinya very diverse . So to know the advantages and adaptation of new varieties to the environment , as well as get information varieties of high productivity , and as a specific variety recommendations . Seed needs : 40 kg / ha .
6 . cultivationSeeds ditugal perlubang 3 seed with a spacing of 30 X 30 cm . Before planting seed treatment done ( seed treatment ) , performed inoculation with former arable land soybeans .
7 . maintenance
a. fertilizationThe dose to be used Urea fertilizer 50 kg / ha , SP - 18, 75 kg / ha and 50 kg KCl / ha . Fertilizer was given 2 times in one seasonFertilization I ( first ) : Fertilizer given before planting by sprinkling fertilizer at planting line then the fertilizer evenly mixed with soil , fertilizer dose I ( first ) provided two thirds of the dose of Urea and KCl ( Urea : 33 Kg / Ha ; KCl : 33 Kg / ha ) , while the SP - 18 fertilizer is given entirely on the basis of fertilization .Fertilization II ( Second ) : Fertilizer plant was given at 20-30 days after planting , before the soybean plant flowering plants surround the way sown with a distance of ± 10 cm from the stem . Fertilizers is given one third of the dose of Urea and KCl ( Urea : 17 Kg / Ha ; KCl : 17 Kg / ha ) .
b . weedingIn addition to lowering the yield , the presence of weeds can be host plants for pests and diseases therefore weeding needs to be done 2-3 times before flowering plants . Last Weeding should coincide with pembubunan to reduce fall crop .
c . Irrigation / WateringPlants should not experience drought on a critical phase as it will greatly degrade the results . Critical phase , ie when germination , flowering , and the formation and pod filling .
d . Pest and Disease ControlPest and Disease Control is done by applying Integrated Pest Management system , by making use of appropriate technology , use of organic biopesticide or pesticides if pest attack is still below the economic threshold and the use of chemical pesticides when pests and diseases above the economic threshold .
Pests and diseases that attack soybean plants between judgments :
A. Pests Leaf• Shoots borer attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Stem borer attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Leaf roller caterpillar attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Armyworm attack stadia 7 s / d 50 HST• caterpillar attack 7 inch stadia s / d 50 HST
B. Lice Leaves• Aphis stadia attack 30 s / d 60 HST• Lice Kebul 7 stadia attack s / d 45 HST
C. Vandal pods• stadia pod borer attack 45 s / d 80 HST• Vacuum pods stadia attack 45 s / d 80 HST
D. Disease• Leaf Rust Disease stadia attacks 7 s / d 60 HST• Virus attacks stadia 7 s / d 60 HST• Bacterial leaf blight attacks stadia 7 s / d 60 HST
E. Pests Materials Save stadia attacks during harvest storage
C. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
1 . harvestSoybeans should be harvested at the proper level of maturity seeds . Harvesting too early causing many wrinkles seeds , harvest too late cause yield loss due to seed loss . The characteristics of soybean crop is ready for harvest : Leaves turn yellow and fall off easily have seed pods dry and brownish correct Harvesting is done by mowing stem using a sharp sickle and not recommended to revoke the stem with roots . This method in addition to reducing soil fertility soil borne also be able to contaminate seed .
2 . post-Harvest
a. Drying NaturalSoybean dried directly under the hot sun or bare -floored dipenjemuran black plastic . Black plastic absorbs heat that is expected to speed up the drying process soybeans .
b . PembijianPembijian can be done in several ways : beaten / beaten ; Above arbor ; Using the machine ( power Tresher )
c . cleaningCleaning can be done by winnowed ; Disilir ; Using cleaning machine ( winower )
d . Pewadahan and StorageSoybean seeds that have net placed in a clean container pest -free , does not leak and sealed . Storage soybean seed storage place should be shaded , dry , and free of pests and diseases , should be 9-14 % moisture contentTo be soybean seeds can survive long in storage should be treated with pesticides in vegetable leaf clovers .
1 . landSoybean plants can grow on a variety of soil type on condition of drainage and soil aeration is quite good as well as the availability of water during the growing period .Soybean can be grown on soil type :• Alluvial , regosol grumosol , latosol and andosol• Podsolic Red Yellow , and soil containing quartz, should be given organic fertilizer, phosphate and liming .
2 . climate• Rainfall : optimal 100 -200 ml / month patchy rain• Temperature : between 25-27 degrees Celsius , with full irradiation ( min. 10 hours / day )• Humidity : 50 % Average• Height from sea level : 0-900 meters 650 meters above sea level optimal
3 . water• The period of vegetative ( growth ) : rainfall• generative period ( Flowering ) : less rainfall at flowering and seed maturation influence on soybean yield improvement .
B. Technical Cultivation
1 . Land preparationCleaning Weeds , Soil mixed shallow and weed immersed . Land preparation begins before the fall rains . Land cultivated with plow and harrow / hoe until crumbly . The pile width : 1 meter . For arrangements need to be made rainwater drainage channel on each and mapped around 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide . Soybean very stunted when stagnant water .
2 . Giving ManureManure when soil treatment is highly recommended, because it can improve soil conditions in addition to reducing the use of artificial fertilizers . Dosage Use Manure for the thin soil ± 5 tons / ha .
3 . Giving DolomiteSoybean want a neutral pH range 5-6 . so need liming acidic soils . Giving Dolomite with a dose of 2,000 kg / ha ( 200 g / m² ) is expected to create optimal soil pH .
4 . Giving Trichoderma spGiving Trichoderma performed in conjunction with manure and dolomite . Trichoderma function as decomposers , accelerating decay of organic materials either in compost or organic matter in the soil so it can be absorbed by plants , and as a preventative measure to prevent disease tanaman.Dosis Trichoderma : 400gr/Ha .
5 . Seed preparationToday many types of superior breeding soybean varieties were released for development . Among the new varieties is Slamet , Sindoro , Grobogan , Argomulyo , Burangrang , Kaba , Anjasmoro , and Panderman . Superior soybean varieties to an area does not necessarily indicate similar advantages in other areas , because of differences in climate , topography , and how to plant , as we know that in Indonesia agroekologinya very diverse . So to know the advantages and adaptation of new varieties to the environment , as well as get information varieties of high productivity , and as a specific variety recommendations . Seed needs : 40 kg / ha .
6 . cultivationSeeds ditugal perlubang 3 seed with a spacing of 30 X 30 cm . Before planting seed treatment done ( seed treatment ) , performed inoculation with former arable land soybeans .
7 . maintenance
a. fertilizationThe dose to be used Urea fertilizer 50 kg / ha , SP - 18, 75 kg / ha and 50 kg KCl / ha . Fertilizer was given 2 times in one seasonFertilization I ( first ) : Fertilizer given before planting by sprinkling fertilizer at planting line then the fertilizer evenly mixed with soil , fertilizer dose I ( first ) provided two thirds of the dose of Urea and KCl ( Urea : 33 Kg / Ha ; KCl : 33 Kg / ha ) , while the SP - 18 fertilizer is given entirely on the basis of fertilization .Fertilization II ( Second ) : Fertilizer plant was given at 20-30 days after planting , before the soybean plant flowering plants surround the way sown with a distance of ± 10 cm from the stem . Fertilizers is given one third of the dose of Urea and KCl ( Urea : 17 Kg / Ha ; KCl : 17 Kg / ha ) .
b . weedingIn addition to lowering the yield , the presence of weeds can be host plants for pests and diseases therefore weeding needs to be done 2-3 times before flowering plants . Last Weeding should coincide with pembubunan to reduce fall crop .
c . Irrigation / WateringPlants should not experience drought on a critical phase as it will greatly degrade the results . Critical phase , ie when germination , flowering , and the formation and pod filling .
d . Pest and Disease ControlPest and Disease Control is done by applying Integrated Pest Management system , by making use of appropriate technology , use of organic biopesticide or pesticides if pest attack is still below the economic threshold and the use of chemical pesticides when pests and diseases above the economic threshold .
Pests and diseases that attack soybean plants between judgments :
A. Pests Leaf• Shoots borer attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Stem borer attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Leaf roller caterpillar attack stadia 7 s / d 30 HST• Armyworm attack stadia 7 s / d 50 HST• caterpillar attack 7 inch stadia s / d 50 HST
B. Lice Leaves• Aphis stadia attack 30 s / d 60 HST• Lice Kebul 7 stadia attack s / d 45 HST
C. Vandal pods• stadia pod borer attack 45 s / d 80 HST• Vacuum pods stadia attack 45 s / d 80 HST
D. Disease• Leaf Rust Disease stadia attacks 7 s / d 60 HST• Virus attacks stadia 7 s / d 60 HST• Bacterial leaf blight attacks stadia 7 s / d 60 HST
E. Pests Materials Save stadia attacks during harvest storage
C. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST
1 . harvestSoybeans should be harvested at the proper level of maturity seeds . Harvesting too early causing many wrinkles seeds , harvest too late cause yield loss due to seed loss . The characteristics of soybean crop is ready for harvest : Leaves turn yellow and fall off easily have seed pods dry and brownish correct Harvesting is done by mowing stem using a sharp sickle and not recommended to revoke the stem with roots . This method in addition to reducing soil fertility soil borne also be able to contaminate seed .
2 . post-Harvest
a. Drying NaturalSoybean dried directly under the hot sun or bare -floored dipenjemuran black plastic . Black plastic absorbs heat that is expected to speed up the drying process soybeans .
b . PembijianPembijian can be done in several ways : beaten / beaten ; Above arbor ; Using the machine ( power Tresher )
c . cleaningCleaning can be done by winnowed ; Disilir ; Using cleaning machine ( winower )
d . Pewadahan and StorageSoybean seeds that have net placed in a clean container pest -free , does not leak and sealed . Storage soybean seed storage place should be shaded , dry , and free of pests and diseases , should be 9-14 % moisture contentTo be soybean seeds can survive long in storage should be treated with pesticides in vegetable leaf clovers .
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