Agricultural conditions is of increasing concern. Land
is getting damaged due to chemical fertilizer / synthetic lopsided ,
excessive use of synthetic pesticides cause damage to the ecosystem . Of this condition still exists behind the spirit to return to a healthy and natural farming . One of them is by the use of botanical pesticides and biological agents in the control of plant pests .
Biological control of late too much world attention and often discussed in the seminar or congress , as well as a script written in a journal or literature , especially with regard to plant diseases . Control of plant diseases using biological control emerged as concerns the world community due to the use of synthetic chemical pesticides . The existence of such concerns make biological control be one way to control plant pathogens option that should be considered ( Soesanto , 2008) .
Understanding biological agents according to FAO (1988 ) is a microorganism , whether occurring naturally as bacteria , fungi , viruses and protozoa , as well as genetically engineered (genetically modified microorganisms ) that are used to control plant pests ( OPT ) . This understanding is then fitted with the definition by FAO (1997 ) , which is an organism that can reproduce itself as parasitoids , predators , parasites , herbivorous arthropods , and pathogens .
Given the importance of the development of biological agents in agriculture , Indonesia also issued a definition through the Minister of Agriculture No. 411 of 1995 , which is any organism that includes species , subspecies , varieties , all kinds of insects , nematodes , protozoa , fungi ( fungi ) , bacteria , viruses , mycoplasma , as well as other organisms in all the stages of development that can be used for the purpose of controlling pests and diseases or pests , the process of production , processing of agricultural products , and a variety of other purposes .The use of biological agents is believed to have a comparative advantage in accordance with the principle of the balance of the ecosystem . Utilizing the natural enemies of pests and diseases of agricultural plant pests . As an example of maspary own experience in the control of wilt disease in pepper , tomatoes and potatoes , use of chemical fungicides and bactericides are no longer able to control it . Similarly, the crackle of disease control in rice , Corynebacterium still masters .
Biological agents has advantages :
Selective, meaning that the microbes in the biological agent would not attack the organisms that are beneficial to plants as biological agents to attack only the target pest .
Already available in nature . Actually naturally biological agents already available in nature , but due to the improper use of pesticides led to balance of the ecosystem and the population began to falter disturbed .
Being able to target its own , because biological agents are living organisms that are pathogenic to pests , then the biological agent can naturally find the target pests and diseases .
There are no side effects .
Relatively inexpensive .
Not cause resistance of target pests .
Disadvantages of biological agents :
Work slowly . This condition often makes farmers can not wait for the results and considers biological agents are not effective. Finally farmers switched back to chemical pesticides .
Difficult to predict the outcome . The proliferation of biological agents after application depends on the ecosystem at the time of application . If the conditions are supportive , then the growth of biological agents will be maximal .
More optimal when used for preventive , because it takes time to grow . Less suitable for curative , especially when there was an explosion of pests because it works slowly .
The use as often as possible .
In certain types of biological hard mass developed .
Biological control of late too much world attention and often discussed in the seminar or congress , as well as a script written in a journal or literature , especially with regard to plant diseases . Control of plant diseases using biological control emerged as concerns the world community due to the use of synthetic chemical pesticides . The existence of such concerns make biological control be one way to control plant pathogens option that should be considered ( Soesanto , 2008) .
Understanding biological agents according to FAO (1988 ) is a microorganism , whether occurring naturally as bacteria , fungi , viruses and protozoa , as well as genetically engineered (genetically modified microorganisms ) that are used to control plant pests ( OPT ) . This understanding is then fitted with the definition by FAO (1997 ) , which is an organism that can reproduce itself as parasitoids , predators , parasites , herbivorous arthropods , and pathogens .
Given the importance of the development of biological agents in agriculture , Indonesia also issued a definition through the Minister of Agriculture No. 411 of 1995 , which is any organism that includes species , subspecies , varieties , all kinds of insects , nematodes , protozoa , fungi ( fungi ) , bacteria , viruses , mycoplasma , as well as other organisms in all the stages of development that can be used for the purpose of controlling pests and diseases or pests , the process of production , processing of agricultural products , and a variety of other purposes .The use of biological agents is believed to have a comparative advantage in accordance with the principle of the balance of the ecosystem . Utilizing the natural enemies of pests and diseases of agricultural plant pests . As an example of maspary own experience in the control of wilt disease in pepper , tomatoes and potatoes , use of chemical fungicides and bactericides are no longer able to control it . Similarly, the crackle of disease control in rice , Corynebacterium still masters .
Biological agents has advantages :
Selective, meaning that the microbes in the biological agent would not attack the organisms that are beneficial to plants as biological agents to attack only the target pest .
Already available in nature . Actually naturally biological agents already available in nature , but due to the improper use of pesticides led to balance of the ecosystem and the population began to falter disturbed .
Being able to target its own , because biological agents are living organisms that are pathogenic to pests , then the biological agent can naturally find the target pests and diseases .
There are no side effects .
Relatively inexpensive .
Not cause resistance of target pests .
Disadvantages of biological agents :
Work slowly . This condition often makes farmers can not wait for the results and considers biological agents are not effective. Finally farmers switched back to chemical pesticides .
Difficult to predict the outcome . The proliferation of biological agents after application depends on the ecosystem at the time of application . If the conditions are supportive , then the growth of biological agents will be maximal .
More optimal when used for preventive , because it takes time to grow . Less suitable for curative , especially when there was an explosion of pests because it works slowly .
The use as often as possible .
In certain types of biological hard mass developed .
No comments:
Post a Comment