1 . A BRIEF HISTORYBanana ( Musa sp ) is a herbaceous plant fruit originating from regions in Southeast Asia ( including Indonesia ) . These plants then spread to Africa ( Madagascar ) , South and Central America . In West Java , bananas called Cau , in Central Java and East Java called gedhang .
2 . TYPES OF PLANTSBotanical classification of the banana plant are as follows :Division : SpermatophytaSub Division: AngiospermaeClass : MonocotyledonaeFamily : MusaceaeGenus : MusaSpecies : Musa spp .Bananas are divided into three types :1 ) Banana fruit is eaten without cooking , namely M. paradisiaca var Sapientum , M. nana also called cavendishii M. , M. sinensis . For example bananas Ambon , Milk , King , Cavendish , Barangan and Mas .2 ) Bananas are eaten after the fruit is cooked M. paradisiaca forma typicaatau also known as M. paradisiaca normalis . For example banana jackfruit , horns and kepok .3 ) Bananas have seeds that M. brachycarpa the leaves used in Indonesian . For example, bananas and klutuk stone .4 ) Banana fiber such as bananas taken manila ( abaca ) .
3 . BENEFIT PLANTBanana is a fruit that is highly nutritious source of vitamins , minerals and carbohydrates . Banana used as table fruit , banana sale , mashed bananas and banana flour . Banana peels can be used to make the vinegar through a fermentation process of alcohol and acetic acid . Banana leaf is used as a wide variety of food wrappers trandisional Indonesia . Abaca stem is processed into fibers for clothing , paper and so on . Banana stem that has been cut and banana leaves can be fed to ruminants ( sheep , goats ) during the dry season when the grass is not / less available . Traditionally , water kepok banana stem tubers used as a cure dysentery and colon bleeding while water is used as the banana trunk urinary pain medications and detoxification .
4 . PLANTING CENTERAlmost in every place can be easily found banana plants . Banana production center in West Java is Cianjur , Sukabumi and the area around Cirebon . It is not known exactly how many banana plantations in Indonesia . Nevertheless, Indonesia is one of the tropical countries are supplying fresh banana / dried to Japan , Hong Kong , China , Singapore , Arabia, Australia , the Netherlands , USA and France . The highest export value in 1997 was to China .
5 . TERMS OF GROWTH5.1 . climate1 ) The tropical climate of wet , humid and hot to support the growth of bananas . However, bananas are still able to grow in subtropical areas . In conditions without water , bananas are still grown because the water supplied from the trunk watery but its production can not be expected .2 ) The wind at high speed as the wind can damage the leaf beetle and affect plant growth .3 ) Optimal rainfall is 1520-3800 mm / year with 2 months to dry . Variations in rainfall must be balanced with the water level so that the soil is not waterlogged soil .5.2 . Growing Media1 ) Bananas can be grown in soil rich in humus , containing lime or heavy soil . This plant food so greedily bananas should be planted in soil with fertilizer berhumus .2 ) Water should always be available but may not be pooled because banana plants should be irrigated with intensive . Groundwater level in the wet area is 50-200 cm , in the semi- wet 100-200 cm and in arid regions 50-150 cm . Land that has experienced erosion will not produce a good harvest of fruit . Soil should be easy to absorb water . Bananas do not live on land containing 0.07 % salt .5.3 . The altitudeThis plant heights and drought tolerant . In Indonesia generally can be grown in the lowlands to the mountains as high as 2,000 m above sea level . Banana , jackfruit and horns grow well until an altitude of 1,000 m asl
6 . RAISING GUIDELINES6.1 . NurseriesBananas are propagated by vegetative form shoots ( tillers ) .1 ) Requirements SeedsHigh seedling seed is used as 1-1.5 m with a width of 15-20 cm tuber pieces . Puppies taken from trees that are producing well and healthy . High seed will affect the production of bananas ( the number of combs in each cluster ) . Seedling there are two types : young chicks and adults . The nymphs mature betterused because it would have flowers and food supply of the weevil has been a lot . The use of lance -shaped seeds ( leaves still shaped like a sword , narrow leaves ) take precedence over the seedlings with wide leaves .2 ) Preparation of SeedSeeds can be purchased from local / other place or provided in your own garden . Plants for seedlings planted at a spacing rather tight around 2 x 2 m . One parent trees have buds left between 7-9 . To avoid too many shoot number , cutting / thinning shoots .3 ) Before Sanitation Seed PlantedTo avoid the spread of pests / diseases , before planting the seedlings were treated as follows :a) After the cut , clean soil attached to the roots .b ) Keep the seedlings in shade 1-2 days before planting so that the wounds on the tubers to dry . Discard the leaves are wide .c ) Soak the seed tubers in the extent of the neck stem insecticide 0.5-1 % for 10 minutes . Then the dried seeds .d ) If there are no insecticides , seed tubers soaked in water for 48 hours .e ) If the existing planting areas nematodes , seed tubers soak in hot water a few minutes .6.2 . Media Processing Plant1 ) Land OpeningSelection of land should consider the climate , the economic infrastructure and market position / banana processing industry , must also be considered in terms of social security . To open a banana plantation , conducted eradication weeds, grass or bushes , scarify the soil is still solid ; manufacture swale and drains water expenses .2 ) Establishment of SwalesPart sloping land should disengked ( made terraces ) . Swale width depends on the degree of slope of the land . Gastric arrested with grass swales or rocks if available . It is advisable to plant legumes such as lamtoro in swales limits that serve as barriers to erosion , stream nutrients N and windbreaks .3 ) Making Water SewerThese channels should be made on small slopes and flat lands . At the top of the runway and grass planted side channels to avoid erosion of the grounding line itself.6.3 . Planting techniques1 ) Determination of Plant PatternSpacing is wide enough so that the banana plants in the first three months of the cropping pattern allows use intercropping / crop hallway between banana plants . Crop intercropping / alley can be either vegetable or annual crops . In most of the banana plantations in the region of high rainfall , bananas are grown together with the coffee plantation crops , cocoa , coconut and arecanuts . In western India , bananas for export permanently planted with coconut .2 ) Hole Making PlantHole size is 50 x 50 x 50 cm on the ground and the weight of 30 x 30 x 30 cm or 40 x 40 cm x40 for loose soils . A spacing of 3 x 3 m for the soil medium and 3.3 x 3.3 m for heavy soils .3 ) How PlantingPlanting is done before the rainy season ( September-October ) . Before planting hole organic fertilizers such as manure / compost as much as 15-20 kg . Organic fertilizer affects the quality of the fruit flavors .6.4 . Plant maintenance1 ) SpacingTo get good results , one family must consist of 3-4 stems . Cutting child in such a way that there is a clump of saplings , each different age ( growth phase ) . After 5 years clump demolished to be replaced with new plants .2 ) WeedingGrass / weeds around the tree stem must be weeded so that the growth of the child and the parent are also good . Weeding is done in conjunction with scarify and hoarding dapuran by the roots and shoots of land in order to multiply. It should be noted that the roots of banana only an average of 15 cm below the soil surface , so it should not be done too deep weeding .3 ) PerempalanThe leaves are starting to dry plants pruned to hygiene and environmental sanitation awake . Disposal of leaves is done every time .4 ) FertilizationBananas are in need of large amounts of potassium . For one hectare , bananas require 207 kg of urea , 138 kg of super phosphate , 608 kg and 200 kg KCl limestone as a source of calcium . Fertilizer N is applied two times in a year that laid in clumps surrounding the bolt . Once the bolt is closed again with soil . Phosphate and potassium fertilization carried out 6 months after planting ( twice a year ) .5 ) Irrigation and WateringBananas will thrive and produce well for irrigation awake . Plants are watered by means of water flushing or filling parit-parit/saluran located between rows of banana plants .6 ) Provision of MulchThe soil around the clump of bananas were given in the form of dried leaves or mulch wet . Useful mulch to reduce evaporation of soil water and suppress weeds , but continuous mulching causes shallow roots so the plants dry time languish . Because the mulch should not beinstalled continuously.7 ) Maintenance of FruitHeart bananas that have been within 25 cm of the last pieces of the comb should be cut so that the fruit growth is not inhibited . After the comb perfectly fluffy banana , banana bunches wrapped in a clear plastic bag . Polyethylene plastic bags with a thickness of 0.5 mm a hole with a diameter of 1.25 cm . Distance of each hole 7.5 cm . The size plastic bag is such that it covers 15-45 cm above the base of the comb at the top and 25 cm below the bottom end of the fruit of the comb . To keep the plants do not fall under the weight of bunches , propped up with bamboo plant stems are immersed30 cm deep into the soil .
7 . PEST AND DISEASE7.1 . pest1 ) caterpillar leaves ( Erienota thrax . )Part of being attacked are the leaves . Symptoms : leaf sheath and roll up like a leaf torn to the bone . Control : by using a suitable insecticide does not exist, can be tried with the insecticide Malathion .2 ) Uret beetle ( Cosmopolites sordidus )Part of being attacked is petal leaves , stems . Symptoms : hallways to the top / bottom of the petal leaves , banana stems filled hallway . Control : banana grove sanitation , clean the residual clumps of banana trees , use seed that has been disinfected .3 ) nematodes ( Rotulenchus similis , Radopholus similis ) .Part of being attacked is the root . Symptoms : plants seem to languish , to form cavities or small spots on the roots , root swelling . Control : use seeds that have been disinfected , increase humus soil and land use with little clay content .4 ) caterpillar flowers and fruit ( Nacoleila octasema . )Part of being attacked is the flower and fruit . Symptoms : abnormal growth of the fruit , rind mangy . The presence of caterpillars at least 70 birds in bunches of bananas . Control : using insecticides .7.2 . disease1 ) Blood DiseaseCause : Xanthomonas celebensis ( bacteria ) . Part of being attacked is part of the plant tissue . Symptoms: The network becomes reddish as bloody . Control : to dismantle and burn diseased plants .2 ) PanamaCause: The fungus Fusarium oxysporum . Part of being attacked are the leaves . Symptoms : leaf wilting and dropping out , first outer leaf and inner leaf , leaf sheath splitting lengthwise , black sap discharge vessel . Control : dismantle and burn diseased plants .3 ) leaf spotCause: The fungus Cercospora musae . The part that is attacked leaves with brown spots symptoms are more widespread . Control : using fungicide containing Copper oxide or Porridge Bordeaux ( BB ) .4 ) WiltCause : Bacillus bacteria . Part of being attacked is the root . Symptoms : plants wilt and die . Control : dismantle and burn diseased plants .5 ) shoots leavesThe cause : a virus by aphids Pentalonia nigronervosa intermediaries . Part of being attacked are leaf buds . Symptoms : leaf shoots grow upright in groups . Control : how to dismantle and burn diseased plants .7.3 . weedsNot long after planting and after mature canopy is formed , the weeds will be a problem that must be addressed immediately . Reduction is done by :1 ) The use of herbicides such as Paraquat , Gesapax 80 Wp , Roundup and dalapon .2 ) Planting cover crops that can withstand erosion , shade tolerance , not easily attacked by pests and disease , do not climb the banana stem . For example Geophila repens .3 ) Closing the soil with polyethylene plastic .
8 . HARVEST8.1 . Characteristics and HarvestAt the age of 1 year the average banana has been fruitful . When the harvest is determined by the age of fruit and fruit shape . The hallmark of the flag leaf harvest is drying up . Fruit is old enough to be harvested 80-100 days old with right-angled pieces that are still unclear to almost spherical . Determination of the age of the harvest should be based on the amount of time required for the transport of fruit to the sales area so that the fruit is not very mature when up in the hands of consumers . At least resistant bananas still stored 10 days after the consumer received .8.2 . How to HarvestBananas are harvested together with their stems . Bunch length is taken 30 cm from the base of the top comb . Use a sharp knife and cut the bunches of clean time . Bunches of bananas stored in an inverted position so that the sap from the cut trickle down without contaminating the fruit . With this position bananas avoid injuries that can be caused by friction with the ground fruit . After the banana stem is cut to the stem tuber eliminated altogether . If the available workforce , banana stems can be cut to a height of 1 m from the ground . Penyisaan rod is intended to spur the growth of shoots .8.3 . Harvest periodIn a fairly extensive banana plantations , harvesting can be done 3-10 days depending on the setting number of productive plants .8.4 . Estimated ProductionThere is no standard banana production in Indonesia , in the center of the world banana production 28 tons / ha / year is only economical for household -scale plantations . For small farms ( 10-30 ha ) and large farms ( > 30 ha ) , production economy must achieve at least 46 tons / ha / year .
9 . postharvestConventionally bunches of bananas covered with dry banana leaves to reduce evaporation and transported to marketing using the vehicle open / closed . For overseas shipping , banana comb removed from their stems and then sorted out by size . packingperformed using cardboard containers . Banana comb inserted upside down in the box with several layers . Should be wound on the end pieces of banana comb disinfected to avoid spoilage .
2 . TYPES OF PLANTSBotanical classification of the banana plant are as follows :Division : SpermatophytaSub Division: AngiospermaeClass : MonocotyledonaeFamily : MusaceaeGenus : MusaSpecies : Musa spp .Bananas are divided into three types :1 ) Banana fruit is eaten without cooking , namely M. paradisiaca var Sapientum , M. nana also called cavendishii M. , M. sinensis . For example bananas Ambon , Milk , King , Cavendish , Barangan and Mas .2 ) Bananas are eaten after the fruit is cooked M. paradisiaca forma typicaatau also known as M. paradisiaca normalis . For example banana jackfruit , horns and kepok .3 ) Bananas have seeds that M. brachycarpa the leaves used in Indonesian . For example, bananas and klutuk stone .4 ) Banana fiber such as bananas taken manila ( abaca ) .
3 . BENEFIT PLANTBanana is a fruit that is highly nutritious source of vitamins , minerals and carbohydrates . Banana used as table fruit , banana sale , mashed bananas and banana flour . Banana peels can be used to make the vinegar through a fermentation process of alcohol and acetic acid . Banana leaf is used as a wide variety of food wrappers trandisional Indonesia . Abaca stem is processed into fibers for clothing , paper and so on . Banana stem that has been cut and banana leaves can be fed to ruminants ( sheep , goats ) during the dry season when the grass is not / less available . Traditionally , water kepok banana stem tubers used as a cure dysentery and colon bleeding while water is used as the banana trunk urinary pain medications and detoxification .
4 . PLANTING CENTERAlmost in every place can be easily found banana plants . Banana production center in West Java is Cianjur , Sukabumi and the area around Cirebon . It is not known exactly how many banana plantations in Indonesia . Nevertheless, Indonesia is one of the tropical countries are supplying fresh banana / dried to Japan , Hong Kong , China , Singapore , Arabia, Australia , the Netherlands , USA and France . The highest export value in 1997 was to China .
5 . TERMS OF GROWTH5.1 . climate1 ) The tropical climate of wet , humid and hot to support the growth of bananas . However, bananas are still able to grow in subtropical areas . In conditions without water , bananas are still grown because the water supplied from the trunk watery but its production can not be expected .2 ) The wind at high speed as the wind can damage the leaf beetle and affect plant growth .3 ) Optimal rainfall is 1520-3800 mm / year with 2 months to dry . Variations in rainfall must be balanced with the water level so that the soil is not waterlogged soil .5.2 . Growing Media1 ) Bananas can be grown in soil rich in humus , containing lime or heavy soil . This plant food so greedily bananas should be planted in soil with fertilizer berhumus .2 ) Water should always be available but may not be pooled because banana plants should be irrigated with intensive . Groundwater level in the wet area is 50-200 cm , in the semi- wet 100-200 cm and in arid regions 50-150 cm . Land that has experienced erosion will not produce a good harvest of fruit . Soil should be easy to absorb water . Bananas do not live on land containing 0.07 % salt .5.3 . The altitudeThis plant heights and drought tolerant . In Indonesia generally can be grown in the lowlands to the mountains as high as 2,000 m above sea level . Banana , jackfruit and horns grow well until an altitude of 1,000 m asl
6 . RAISING GUIDELINES6.1 . NurseriesBananas are propagated by vegetative form shoots ( tillers ) .1 ) Requirements SeedsHigh seedling seed is used as 1-1.5 m with a width of 15-20 cm tuber pieces . Puppies taken from trees that are producing well and healthy . High seed will affect the production of bananas ( the number of combs in each cluster ) . Seedling there are two types : young chicks and adults . The nymphs mature betterused because it would have flowers and food supply of the weevil has been a lot . The use of lance -shaped seeds ( leaves still shaped like a sword , narrow leaves ) take precedence over the seedlings with wide leaves .2 ) Preparation of SeedSeeds can be purchased from local / other place or provided in your own garden . Plants for seedlings planted at a spacing rather tight around 2 x 2 m . One parent trees have buds left between 7-9 . To avoid too many shoot number , cutting / thinning shoots .3 ) Before Sanitation Seed PlantedTo avoid the spread of pests / diseases , before planting the seedlings were treated as follows :a) After the cut , clean soil attached to the roots .b ) Keep the seedlings in shade 1-2 days before planting so that the wounds on the tubers to dry . Discard the leaves are wide .c ) Soak the seed tubers in the extent of the neck stem insecticide 0.5-1 % for 10 minutes . Then the dried seeds .d ) If there are no insecticides , seed tubers soaked in water for 48 hours .e ) If the existing planting areas nematodes , seed tubers soak in hot water a few minutes .6.2 . Media Processing Plant1 ) Land OpeningSelection of land should consider the climate , the economic infrastructure and market position / banana processing industry , must also be considered in terms of social security . To open a banana plantation , conducted eradication weeds, grass or bushes , scarify the soil is still solid ; manufacture swale and drains water expenses .2 ) Establishment of SwalesPart sloping land should disengked ( made terraces ) . Swale width depends on the degree of slope of the land . Gastric arrested with grass swales or rocks if available . It is advisable to plant legumes such as lamtoro in swales limits that serve as barriers to erosion , stream nutrients N and windbreaks .3 ) Making Water SewerThese channels should be made on small slopes and flat lands . At the top of the runway and grass planted side channels to avoid erosion of the grounding line itself.6.3 . Planting techniques1 ) Determination of Plant PatternSpacing is wide enough so that the banana plants in the first three months of the cropping pattern allows use intercropping / crop hallway between banana plants . Crop intercropping / alley can be either vegetable or annual crops . In most of the banana plantations in the region of high rainfall , bananas are grown together with the coffee plantation crops , cocoa , coconut and arecanuts . In western India , bananas for export permanently planted with coconut .2 ) Hole Making PlantHole size is 50 x 50 x 50 cm on the ground and the weight of 30 x 30 x 30 cm or 40 x 40 cm x40 for loose soils . A spacing of 3 x 3 m for the soil medium and 3.3 x 3.3 m for heavy soils .3 ) How PlantingPlanting is done before the rainy season ( September-October ) . Before planting hole organic fertilizers such as manure / compost as much as 15-20 kg . Organic fertilizer affects the quality of the fruit flavors .6.4 . Plant maintenance1 ) SpacingTo get good results , one family must consist of 3-4 stems . Cutting child in such a way that there is a clump of saplings , each different age ( growth phase ) . After 5 years clump demolished to be replaced with new plants .2 ) WeedingGrass / weeds around the tree stem must be weeded so that the growth of the child and the parent are also good . Weeding is done in conjunction with scarify and hoarding dapuran by the roots and shoots of land in order to multiply. It should be noted that the roots of banana only an average of 15 cm below the soil surface , so it should not be done too deep weeding .3 ) PerempalanThe leaves are starting to dry plants pruned to hygiene and environmental sanitation awake . Disposal of leaves is done every time .4 ) FertilizationBananas are in need of large amounts of potassium . For one hectare , bananas require 207 kg of urea , 138 kg of super phosphate , 608 kg and 200 kg KCl limestone as a source of calcium . Fertilizer N is applied two times in a year that laid in clumps surrounding the bolt . Once the bolt is closed again with soil . Phosphate and potassium fertilization carried out 6 months after planting ( twice a year ) .5 ) Irrigation and WateringBananas will thrive and produce well for irrigation awake . Plants are watered by means of water flushing or filling parit-parit/saluran located between rows of banana plants .6 ) Provision of MulchThe soil around the clump of bananas were given in the form of dried leaves or mulch wet . Useful mulch to reduce evaporation of soil water and suppress weeds , but continuous mulching causes shallow roots so the plants dry time languish . Because the mulch should not beinstalled continuously.7 ) Maintenance of FruitHeart bananas that have been within 25 cm of the last pieces of the comb should be cut so that the fruit growth is not inhibited . After the comb perfectly fluffy banana , banana bunches wrapped in a clear plastic bag . Polyethylene plastic bags with a thickness of 0.5 mm a hole with a diameter of 1.25 cm . Distance of each hole 7.5 cm . The size plastic bag is such that it covers 15-45 cm above the base of the comb at the top and 25 cm below the bottom end of the fruit of the comb . To keep the plants do not fall under the weight of bunches , propped up with bamboo plant stems are immersed30 cm deep into the soil .
7 . PEST AND DISEASE7.1 . pest1 ) caterpillar leaves ( Erienota thrax . )Part of being attacked are the leaves . Symptoms : leaf sheath and roll up like a leaf torn to the bone . Control : by using a suitable insecticide does not exist, can be tried with the insecticide Malathion .2 ) Uret beetle ( Cosmopolites sordidus )Part of being attacked is petal leaves , stems . Symptoms : hallways to the top / bottom of the petal leaves , banana stems filled hallway . Control : banana grove sanitation , clean the residual clumps of banana trees , use seed that has been disinfected .3 ) nematodes ( Rotulenchus similis , Radopholus similis ) .Part of being attacked is the root . Symptoms : plants seem to languish , to form cavities or small spots on the roots , root swelling . Control : use seeds that have been disinfected , increase humus soil and land use with little clay content .4 ) caterpillar flowers and fruit ( Nacoleila octasema . )Part of being attacked is the flower and fruit . Symptoms : abnormal growth of the fruit , rind mangy . The presence of caterpillars at least 70 birds in bunches of bananas . Control : using insecticides .7.2 . disease1 ) Blood DiseaseCause : Xanthomonas celebensis ( bacteria ) . Part of being attacked is part of the plant tissue . Symptoms: The network becomes reddish as bloody . Control : to dismantle and burn diseased plants .2 ) PanamaCause: The fungus Fusarium oxysporum . Part of being attacked are the leaves . Symptoms : leaf wilting and dropping out , first outer leaf and inner leaf , leaf sheath splitting lengthwise , black sap discharge vessel . Control : dismantle and burn diseased plants .3 ) leaf spotCause: The fungus Cercospora musae . The part that is attacked leaves with brown spots symptoms are more widespread . Control : using fungicide containing Copper oxide or Porridge Bordeaux ( BB ) .4 ) WiltCause : Bacillus bacteria . Part of being attacked is the root . Symptoms : plants wilt and die . Control : dismantle and burn diseased plants .5 ) shoots leavesThe cause : a virus by aphids Pentalonia nigronervosa intermediaries . Part of being attacked are leaf buds . Symptoms : leaf shoots grow upright in groups . Control : how to dismantle and burn diseased plants .7.3 . weedsNot long after planting and after mature canopy is formed , the weeds will be a problem that must be addressed immediately . Reduction is done by :1 ) The use of herbicides such as Paraquat , Gesapax 80 Wp , Roundup and dalapon .2 ) Planting cover crops that can withstand erosion , shade tolerance , not easily attacked by pests and disease , do not climb the banana stem . For example Geophila repens .3 ) Closing the soil with polyethylene plastic .
8 . HARVEST8.1 . Characteristics and HarvestAt the age of 1 year the average banana has been fruitful . When the harvest is determined by the age of fruit and fruit shape . The hallmark of the flag leaf harvest is drying up . Fruit is old enough to be harvested 80-100 days old with right-angled pieces that are still unclear to almost spherical . Determination of the age of the harvest should be based on the amount of time required for the transport of fruit to the sales area so that the fruit is not very mature when up in the hands of consumers . At least resistant bananas still stored 10 days after the consumer received .8.2 . How to HarvestBananas are harvested together with their stems . Bunch length is taken 30 cm from the base of the top comb . Use a sharp knife and cut the bunches of clean time . Bunches of bananas stored in an inverted position so that the sap from the cut trickle down without contaminating the fruit . With this position bananas avoid injuries that can be caused by friction with the ground fruit . After the banana stem is cut to the stem tuber eliminated altogether . If the available workforce , banana stems can be cut to a height of 1 m from the ground . Penyisaan rod is intended to spur the growth of shoots .8.3 . Harvest periodIn a fairly extensive banana plantations , harvesting can be done 3-10 days depending on the setting number of productive plants .8.4 . Estimated ProductionThere is no standard banana production in Indonesia , in the center of the world banana production 28 tons / ha / year is only economical for household -scale plantations . For small farms ( 10-30 ha ) and large farms ( > 30 ha ) , production economy must achieve at least 46 tons / ha / year .
9 . postharvestConventionally bunches of bananas covered with dry banana leaves to reduce evaporation and transported to marketing using the vehicle open / closed . For overseas shipping , banana comb removed from their stems and then sorted out by size . packingperformed using cardboard containers . Banana comb inserted upside down in the box with several layers . Should be wound on the end pieces of banana comb disinfected to avoid spoilage .
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