understanding and type of disinfection
Disinfection is the destruction of microorganisms that can cause disease. Disinfection is a process to eliminate all bacteria in the water. Disinfection is the final protection for humans against pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease, including the inside of pathogenic bacteria. Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites are very helpful disinfection reduction in the amount of disease that is spread through water and food. Disinfection is divided into two kinds, namely disinfektasi physically and chemically.
Physical disinfection Disinfection can be done physically by means of boiling water, filtration and ultraviolet radiation (UV).
Boiling water Boiling water is the simplest way to kill bacteria and popular. Boiling is very effective and economical way to kill bacteria, only a few bacteria produce endospores are resistant to very high temperatures up to several hours. Endospores can still be harmful to humans, especially when the endospores produced by pathogenic bacteria sort of anthrax. After getting the appropriate place and environment of the endospores of bacteria can be active again.
Screening Screening (usual) is not effectively used because of the very small size of bacteria. Only bacteria attached to solid particles with a size large enough to be filtered. Only 5% of the bacteria that can be filtered with a coarse filter, the filter is 15% smooth, grit chamber with 20% and 30% with primary sedimentation.
Chemical disinfection
Chemical disinfection is done by adding certain chemicals to kill bacteria called with disinfectant. Disinfectants inhibitory effect (cidal effects) by interacting with one or more targets in the microbial cell. Targets disin-fektan in the microbial cell which peptidoglycan layer, cytoplasmic membrane, outer mem-bran, structural proteins, the thiol group of enzymes, nucleic acids, viral envelope, capsid, or nucleic acid, and a protective layer of spores.
Chlorine Chlorination was first used in the early 20th century. Chlorine (Cl 2) to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is effectively able to inactivate microorganisms in the water me. The use of chlorine as a disinfectant turns out to have drawbacks, namely: a. The formation of toxic compounds that may be harmful to humans and animals such as THM (Trihalometana) and klorohidroksifuranon which resulted in cancer. b. Increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Kloramin Kloraminasi is disinfecting water using kloramin as a substitute for free chlorine (Cl 2). Use of kloramin turns produces less THM. However, kloramin have the following disadvantages: a. Can be toxic to fish due to oxidize hemoglobin into methemoglo-bin lower capacity to carry oxygen. b. Cause haemolytic anemia in hemodialysis patients.
Chlorine Dioxide Chlorine dioxide is a disinfectant that has the speed and effectiveness better than chlorine to inactivate the bacteria. Chlorine dioxide does not lead to the formation of THM and does not react with ammonia to form kloramin. The weakness of the use of chlorine dioxide as isinfektan are as follows: a. Disrupt thyroid function b. The formation of chlorite and chlorate in water is feared may result in methemoglobinemia
Ozone Ozone was produced by passing dry air to antaa electrode gap and by using AC power with voltages between 8000-20000 volts. Ozone was first introduced as a strong oxidizing agent to remove the taste, color and odor. Oxidant is now used as a disinfectant to inactivate pathogenic bacteria and as THM precursors. The weakness of the use of ozone as a disinfectant bacteria are as follows: a. Ozone leaves no residue in the water so it needs to be combined with other disinfectants. b. The high operating costs. c. Formation of bromate compounds are carcinogens and mutagenic. d. May increase the toxicity of the effluent.
Ozone consists of three oxygen molecules and highly dangerous to human health. Naturally, the ozone generated by ultraviolet light mixing with the atmosphere and formed a layer of ozone at an altitude of 50 kilometers.
Disinfection is the destruction of microorganisms that can cause disease. Disinfection is a process to eliminate all bacteria in the water. Disinfection is the final protection for humans against pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease, including the inside of pathogenic bacteria. Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites are very helpful disinfection reduction in the amount of disease that is spread through water and food. Disinfection is divided into two kinds, namely disinfektasi physically and chemically.
Physical disinfection Disinfection can be done physically by means of boiling water, filtration and ultraviolet radiation (UV).
Boiling water Boiling water is the simplest way to kill bacteria and popular. Boiling is very effective and economical way to kill bacteria, only a few bacteria produce endospores are resistant to very high temperatures up to several hours. Endospores can still be harmful to humans, especially when the endospores produced by pathogenic bacteria sort of anthrax. After getting the appropriate place and environment of the endospores of bacteria can be active again.
Screening Screening (usual) is not effectively used because of the very small size of bacteria. Only bacteria attached to solid particles with a size large enough to be filtered. Only 5% of the bacteria that can be filtered with a coarse filter, the filter is 15% smooth, grit chamber with 20% and 30% with primary sedimentation.
Chemical disinfection
Chemical disinfection is done by adding certain chemicals to kill bacteria called with disinfectant. Disinfectants inhibitory effect (cidal effects) by interacting with one or more targets in the microbial cell. Targets disin-fektan in the microbial cell which peptidoglycan layer, cytoplasmic membrane, outer mem-bran, structural proteins, the thiol group of enzymes, nucleic acids, viral envelope, capsid, or nucleic acid, and a protective layer of spores.
Chlorine Chlorination was first used in the early 20th century. Chlorine (Cl 2) to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is effectively able to inactivate microorganisms in the water me. The use of chlorine as a disinfectant turns out to have drawbacks, namely: a. The formation of toxic compounds that may be harmful to humans and animals such as THM (Trihalometana) and klorohidroksifuranon which resulted in cancer. b. Increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Kloramin Kloraminasi is disinfecting water using kloramin as a substitute for free chlorine (Cl 2). Use of kloramin turns produces less THM. However, kloramin have the following disadvantages: a. Can be toxic to fish due to oxidize hemoglobin into methemoglo-bin lower capacity to carry oxygen. b. Cause haemolytic anemia in hemodialysis patients.
Chlorine Dioxide Chlorine dioxide is a disinfectant that has the speed and effectiveness better than chlorine to inactivate the bacteria. Chlorine dioxide does not lead to the formation of THM and does not react with ammonia to form kloramin. The weakness of the use of chlorine dioxide as isinfektan are as follows: a. Disrupt thyroid function b. The formation of chlorite and chlorate in water is feared may result in methemoglobinemia
Ozone Ozone was produced by passing dry air to antaa electrode gap and by using AC power with voltages between 8000-20000 volts. Ozone was first introduced as a strong oxidizing agent to remove the taste, color and odor. Oxidant is now used as a disinfectant to inactivate pathogenic bacteria and as THM precursors. The weakness of the use of ozone as a disinfectant bacteria are as follows: a. Ozone leaves no residue in the water so it needs to be combined with other disinfectants. b. The high operating costs. c. Formation of bromate compounds are carcinogens and mutagenic. d. May increase the toxicity of the effluent.
Ozone consists of three oxygen molecules and highly dangerous to human health. Naturally, the ozone generated by ultraviolet light mixing with the atmosphere and formed a layer of ozone at an altitude of 50 kilometers.
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