Discussion on Environmental Pollution Important Parameters
Discussion on Environmental Pollution Important Parameters To measure the level of contamination used diasuatu place pollution parameters . Used as an indicator of pollution parameters ( instructions ) for contamination and pollution levels that have occurred . Paarameter pollution include physical parameters , chemical parameters and biological parameters .
1 . Physical parameters
Physical parameters include measurement of color , taste , smell , temperature , turbidity , and radioactivity .
2 . Chemical parameters
Chemical parameters is performed to determine the levels of CO2 , pH , acidity , metal content , and heavy metals . The following example disajukan water pH measurements , CO2 levels , and dissolved oxygen .
a. Measurement of pH of water
River water under natural conditions that have not been contaminated with a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 . Due to pollution , the pH of the water can be lower than 6.5 or higher than 8.5 . Organic materials usually causes the water to become more asam.Kapur condition causes water conditions become alkaline ( base ) . so , change the pH of water depends on the kind of material pencemarnya . Changes in pH values have significance to aquatic life . Low pH values ( very acidic ) or high ( very alkaline ) is not suited for the life of most organisms . For every one unit change in the pH scale ( from 7 to 6 or from 5 to 4 ) is said to acidity rose 10 times . If the opposite occurs , the acidity down 10 times . The acidity of the water can be measured with a simple litmus paper is by dipping into the water to see the color change .
c . Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen Levels
Levels of dissolved oxygen in natural water ranges from 5-7 ppm ( parts per million or one per sejita ; 1ml of oxygen dissolved in 1 liter of water is said to have oxygen levels of 1 ppm ) . Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen can be caused by three things :
1 ) The process of oxidation ( demolition ) of organic materials .
2 ) reduction process by substances produced from the anaerobic Baktri bottom waters .
3 ) The process of breathing orgaisme that live in the water , especially at night .
Water pollution ( mainly caused by organic pollutants ) can reduce the supply of dissolved oxygen . this would threaten the lives of organisms living in the water . Increasingly polluted , the oxygen content terlerut has narrowed . To be able to measure the levels of dissolved oxygen , carried out by the method of Winkler .
Chemical parameters were carried out through the respiratory activity of microorganisms known as biochemical parameters . example is the measurement of BOD COD ff
b . BOD measurement
Organic pollutants ( leaves , carcasses , carbohydrates , proteins ) can be decomposed by bacteria water . The bacteria require oxygen to oxidize organic substances . Consequently , the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. A growing number of organic pollutants in water , the more oxygen is used , the smaller the resulting dissolved oxygen levels .
The amount of oxygen required terlerut bacteria to oxidize organic materials known as Biological Oxygen Consumption ( KOB ) or Biological Oxygen Demand , commonly abbreviated as BOD . BOD figure determined by calculating the difference between the initial dissolved oxygen and dissolved oxygen after water samples ( samples ) were stored for 5 days at a temperature of 20oC . Therefore completely written BOD205 BOD or BOD5 alone . Initial dissolved oxygen levels compared maximal oxygen that can dissolve in water . Normally , oxygen levels in water enriched with oxygen beforehand . After stored for 5 days , and the breeding of bacteria were estimated using dissolved oxygen for oxidation . Existing residual dissolved oxygen was measured again . Finally , oxygen consumption is known to reduce oxygen levels early
3 . Biological parameters
In nature there are animals , plants , and microorganisms are sensitive and some are resistant to environmental conditions tertentu.Organisme who will die because of pollution sensitive and resistant organisms will remain alive . Water snails and planaria are examples of pollution -sensitive animals . River water containing snails and planarians showed the river has not been polluted . Instead , Tubifex worms ( red worms ) is worms that survive and even thrive in an environment that is rich in organic matter , although other species of animals that have died . This means keberadaab worms can be used as an indicator of the defiling of organic substances . Organisms that can be used as guidance known as biological indicators of pollution . the oxygen end ( after 5 days ) .
Biological indicators are sometimes more reliable than chemical indicators . Factories that dump waste into the waste stream when mengaturpembuangan can be controlled by the authorities .
Chemical measurements in the plant wastes necessarily indicate the absence of pollution . But not so with the living creatures that inhabit aquatic ecosystems continuously. The river there are animals , micro-organisms , benthos , mikroinvertebrata , algae , which can be used as biological indicators .
Discussion on Environmental Pollution Important Parameters To measure the level of contamination used diasuatu place pollution parameters . Used as an indicator of pollution parameters ( instructions ) for contamination and pollution levels that have occurred . Paarameter pollution include physical parameters , chemical parameters and biological parameters .
1 . Physical parameters
Physical parameters include measurement of color , taste , smell , temperature , turbidity , and radioactivity .
2 . Chemical parameters
Chemical parameters is performed to determine the levels of CO2 , pH , acidity , metal content , and heavy metals . The following example disajukan water pH measurements , CO2 levels , and dissolved oxygen .
a. Measurement of pH of water
River water under natural conditions that have not been contaminated with a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 . Due to pollution , the pH of the water can be lower than 6.5 or higher than 8.5 . Organic materials usually causes the water to become more asam.Kapur condition causes water conditions become alkaline ( base ) . so , change the pH of water depends on the kind of material pencemarnya . Changes in pH values have significance to aquatic life . Low pH values ( very acidic ) or high ( very alkaline ) is not suited for the life of most organisms . For every one unit change in the pH scale ( from 7 to 6 or from 5 to 4 ) is said to acidity rose 10 times . If the opposite occurs , the acidity down 10 times . The acidity of the water can be measured with a simple litmus paper is by dipping into the water to see the color change .
c . Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen Levels
Levels of dissolved oxygen in natural water ranges from 5-7 ppm ( parts per million or one per sejita ; 1ml of oxygen dissolved in 1 liter of water is said to have oxygen levels of 1 ppm ) . Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen can be caused by three things :
1 ) The process of oxidation ( demolition ) of organic materials .
2 ) reduction process by substances produced from the anaerobic Baktri bottom waters .
3 ) The process of breathing orgaisme that live in the water , especially at night .
Water pollution ( mainly caused by organic pollutants ) can reduce the supply of dissolved oxygen . this would threaten the lives of organisms living in the water . Increasingly polluted , the oxygen content terlerut has narrowed . To be able to measure the levels of dissolved oxygen , carried out by the method of Winkler .
Chemical parameters were carried out through the respiratory activity of microorganisms known as biochemical parameters . example is the measurement of BOD COD ff
b . BOD measurement
Organic pollutants ( leaves , carcasses , carbohydrates , proteins ) can be decomposed by bacteria water . The bacteria require oxygen to oxidize organic substances . Consequently , the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. A growing number of organic pollutants in water , the more oxygen is used , the smaller the resulting dissolved oxygen levels .
The amount of oxygen required terlerut bacteria to oxidize organic materials known as Biological Oxygen Consumption ( KOB ) or Biological Oxygen Demand , commonly abbreviated as BOD . BOD figure determined by calculating the difference between the initial dissolved oxygen and dissolved oxygen after water samples ( samples ) were stored for 5 days at a temperature of 20oC . Therefore completely written BOD205 BOD or BOD5 alone . Initial dissolved oxygen levels compared maximal oxygen that can dissolve in water . Normally , oxygen levels in water enriched with oxygen beforehand . After stored for 5 days , and the breeding of bacteria were estimated using dissolved oxygen for oxidation . Existing residual dissolved oxygen was measured again . Finally , oxygen consumption is known to reduce oxygen levels early
3 . Biological parameters
In nature there are animals , plants , and microorganisms are sensitive and some are resistant to environmental conditions tertentu.Organisme who will die because of pollution sensitive and resistant organisms will remain alive . Water snails and planaria are examples of pollution -sensitive animals . River water containing snails and planarians showed the river has not been polluted . Instead , Tubifex worms ( red worms ) is worms that survive and even thrive in an environment that is rich in organic matter , although other species of animals that have died . This means keberadaab worms can be used as an indicator of the defiling of organic substances . Organisms that can be used as guidance known as biological indicators of pollution . the oxygen end ( after 5 days ) .
Biological indicators are sometimes more reliable than chemical indicators . Factories that dump waste into the waste stream when mengaturpembuangan can be controlled by the authorities .
Chemical measurements in the plant wastes necessarily indicate the absence of pollution . But not so with the living creatures that inhabit aquatic ecosystems continuously. The river there are animals , micro-organisms , benthos , mikroinvertebrata , algae , which can be used as biological indicators .
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