Toxicology sense , Toxik according to experts
Toxicology can be defined as the study of the nature and mechanisms of harmful effects ( toxic effects ) of various chemicals on living organisms and other biological systems . He can also discuss the quantitative assessment of the weight and frequency of these effects with respect to terpejannya ( exposed ) earlier creatures . If the chemical substance is said berracun ( toxic ) , then mostly defined as a substance potentially harmful effect on the specific biological mechanisms in an organism . Toxic properties of a compound is determined by : the dose , the concentration of toxins in the receptor " workplace " , the nature of the substance , or the system bioorganisme bioorganisme conditions , exposure to the organism and shape effects . Therefore, when using istilahtoksik atautoksisitas , it is necessary to identify the biological mechanisms in which the harmful effects that arise .
While toxicity is the relative nature of a chemical substance , in its ability to cause harmful effects or irregularities on the biological mechanisms of an organism ( Wirasuta , 2006) .
In general , the metal is present in nature in the form of rock , ore , soil , water , and air . Various toxic metal that can cause damage to human organs such substances or heavy metals found in pesticides ( Wikipedia , 2010) .
Toxins are substances or compounds that can enter the body in various ways that inhibit the biological response of the system that can cause health problems , illness , and even death . Generally, a variety of chemicals that have harmful or toxic properties , are known . However , not the case with some types of animals and plants , including some types of crops that it can contain natural toxins , although the levels were very low .
Crops, ie vegetables and fruits contain nutrients , vitamins , and
minerals which are beneficial to human health , and is essential for a healthy diet . However , some types of vegetables and fruits can contain natural toxins potentially harmful to human health . Toxins are substances that are naturally
naturally present in plants , and in fact is one of the mechanisms of these plants against attack by fungi , insects , and predators . The definition of food crops is a group of plants commonly consumed daily by humans .
In this paper we will only discuss the natural toxin contained in plants and how to process that food poisoning hazard can be avoided . Thus the much-needed food crops nutrient content , vitamins , and minerals can be fixed
consumed to avoid its toxic content .
Plant food containing toxins
Many plant species in the world can not be eaten because it produces toxic content . The process of domestication or cultivation gradually to reduce levels of toxic substances contained by a plant that crops
contain toxins we consume with much lower levels than wild -type relatives ( wild-type ) . Decreased levels of toxic compounds in plants that have been cultivated is influenced by environmental conditions where the growth . Because of the toxins produced by plants is one way to fight predators , it is not surprising that modern crops are much more susceptible to disease . Several groups of toxins found in plants that we commonly consume , there are some fat -soluble and can be bioaccumulative . This means that when the plant is consumed , then these toxins are stored in body tissues , eg solanine in potatoes . Toxicity in plants can vary widely . It was influenced by the circumstances in which they grow ( drought , temperature , mineral content , etc. ) as well as disease . Different varieties of the same plant species also affects the levels of toxins and nutrients it contains .
A.Pencemaran pesticides on human health
Pollution Case Against Pesticides on Human Health Pesticides are not only toxic to the target organism but also against other organisms such as humans and pets . Pesticides can enter or be toxic in some way that is swallowed ( oral ) , inhalation ( nasal / respiratory tract ) , skin or eyes . Symptoms of poisoning are directly visible due to exposure to pesticides / poisons an acute poisoning while if new symptoms seen after repeated or long-term exposure to toxins is a chronic poisoning .
No we know there are many different types of pesticides stored at home . This pesticide is used not only in homes but also used in the yard and garden to protect plants from weeds and other destructive animals . Children are the main victims of poisoning in this case because of the high curiosity desires and behaviors are happy to enter what is found in his mouth .
There are 4 processes experienced by toxic materials within the organism , ie the absorption , distribution , metabolism and secretion . Any toxic material passes into the four processes . That begins with the entry of toxic material is then distributed or disseminated along with blood circulation. After the distribution process will be absorbed or in absorption with nutrients needed by the body and experience the process of metabolism in the human body , after the process of metabolism , the body will excrete the rest of the metabolism of the body is called the secretion process . To know the negative effects of the toxicant in the body , need to know about toxic substances and human biological system and the interaction between them . Toxic substances will be carried by the blood and distributed throughout the body and then interfere with the body's organs , among others : neurotaksik poisoning , toxic substances will be carried to the brain , or toxic substances will be stockpiled and processed in the fat tissue , muscle , bone , nerve , liver , pancreas , intestine and then after going through the process - the rest will be secreted out of the body .
In general have a lot of evidence that a chemical compound found side effects of pesticides on human health . Several types of diseases that have been studied can be caused by a side effect of the use of pesticide compounds include leukemia , multiple myaloma , lymphomas , soft tissue sarcomas , prostae cancer , skin cancer , stomach cancer , melanoma , brain disease , liver disease , lung cancer , and nerve tumors ovarian neoplasms . Apart from that , some pesticide compounds have been shown to be a factor " Carsinogenic agent " in both animals and humans , that there were 47 kinds of pesticide active ingredients found proved as Carsinogenic agent in animals , and 12 species again terbuti as Carsinogenic agent in humans . Petisida compounds that have been shown to cause disease in humans include aminotriazole , chloramben , chlorobenzilate , chlorothalenil , ethylene dibromide , pentachlorophenol , formaldehyde , MCPA , Ethylene thiourea , and so on .
In general , the compounds of pesticide poisoning can be observed based on the class of pesticides used in the field . This phenomenon is often found in the workers directly related to pesticides as well as workers at the location kepabrikan worker who directly use the pesticide compounds against the target organism . In the class of pesticides that have active ingredients of organic chlorine as Endrin , aldrin , endosulfan , dieldrin , lindane ( gamma- BHC ) and DDT , which can be caused by poisoning symptoms can include nausea , headaches and could not concentrate . At high doses can occur convulsions , vomiting and respiratory barriers may occur . This is caused because the organic chlorine compounds affect the central nervous system , especially the brain .
In organic phosphate compounds , symptoms may include headache , dizziness , weakness , pupils shrink , visual disturbances , shortness of breath , nausea , muntal , abdominal spasms , diarrhea , chest tightness and heart rate decreases . These compounds inhibit the enzyme activity in the patient's body kolonestrasi . At carbamate , almost invisible for toxicity symptoms clear , the process works well kolinestrase inhibit enzymes in the body , but the reaction is reversible and more work on the network rather than in blood plasma . Who entered the compound category is aldikarb , carbofuran , methomyl , and carbaryl propoksur .
Effect of pesticide waste generated by the living creatures , especially humans consists of two categories: acute effects and chronic effects . Acute effects can cause nervous system damage as a result of the form , damage to the digestive system , cardio vascular system damage , respiratory system damage , skin damage , and death . Meanwhile, the chronic effects can cause carcinogenic effects ( drivers of cancer ) , mutagenic effects (plunger body cell mutations ) , teratogenic effects ( birth defects driver ) , and damage to the reproductive system . Parts of organs affected are : Kidney ( generally caused toxic substance cadmium ) ; - Bones ( generally caused by toxic substances Benzene ) ; - Brain ( generally due to toxic substances Methyl Mercury ) ; - Liver ( generally caused by toxic substances Carbon - Tetrachlorida ) Lung ( generally caused by substances toxic Paraquat ) ; - Eyes ( generally due to toxic substances Khloroquin ) .
B.Kerakteristrik toxins in the environment
Waste is the waste generated from the production process both industrial and domestic ( household ) . Where people live , that's where various types of waste will be generated . There is garbage , no water toilet ( black water) , and there is waste water from a variety of other domestic activities ( gray water ) .
Solid waste better known as junk , which is often undesirable because their presence has no economic value . When viewed chemically , this waste consists of organic chemical compounds and inorganic compounds . With concentration and a certain quantity , the presence of waste can have a negative impact on the environment , especially to human health , so it is necessary to the handling of waste . The level of hazard posed by the waste poisoning depend on the type and characteristics of the waste .
Many waste gases caused by the factory or industry , which also led to some kind of harmful toxic substances polluting the environment . Many types of gas and gas particles escape through the chimney of a factory or dust catcher should be as small as possible in an effort to prevent environmental damage . Types of toxic gases , among others, SO2 , CO , NO , lead , ammonia , acid sulfide and hydrocarbons . Air pollution can occur in a reaction between two or more contaminants . For example, photochemical reactions , ie reactions that occur due to ultra violet rays of light matahari.589 Then gas oxidation reaction with the metal particles to the air as a catalyst .
C. Substance antitoksik
Currently humans are often exposed to toxic substances either from food , water and the environment . At home it does not mean harmless because there is still a possibility of toxicity of insecticides and herbicides . Depending on the properties owned by the toxic substance , so it can be absorbed through the stomach , intestines , or lungs and skin .
Fortunately , the liver ( liver ) have the ability to detoxify the toxic substances that can be excreted through the urine , bile and air . However , if the speed exceeds the speed of absorption of its excretion , the toxic substances will accumulate in the critical concentration and result in the toxic effects of these substances . Tosik substances such as sulfide , arsenic , heavy metals may enter the body and cause toxic effects . For that , it takes antitoxic substances such as iron poisoning Desferrioksamin akut.Untuk Metansulfonat for the selection and use of antidotes and substance right antitoksik good you should consult a doctor . Medicastore online pharmacy you can search for antidotes and antitoxic substances by typing in search engines medicastore . So you can choose and buy the appropriate antidotes and substance antitoksik your doctor prescribes .
REFERENCES
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi
http://www.netdetectiveindonesia.org/t3407-antidotum-zat-antitoksik
http://kesmas-unsoed.blogspot.com/2011/01/makalah-pengaruh-zat-toksik-terhadap.html
Toxicology can be defined as the study of the nature and mechanisms of harmful effects ( toxic effects ) of various chemicals on living organisms and other biological systems . He can also discuss the quantitative assessment of the weight and frequency of these effects with respect to terpejannya ( exposed ) earlier creatures . If the chemical substance is said berracun ( toxic ) , then mostly defined as a substance potentially harmful effect on the specific biological mechanisms in an organism . Toxic properties of a compound is determined by : the dose , the concentration of toxins in the receptor " workplace " , the nature of the substance , or the system bioorganisme bioorganisme conditions , exposure to the organism and shape effects . Therefore, when using istilahtoksik atautoksisitas , it is necessary to identify the biological mechanisms in which the harmful effects that arise .
While toxicity is the relative nature of a chemical substance , in its ability to cause harmful effects or irregularities on the biological mechanisms of an organism ( Wirasuta , 2006) .
In general , the metal is present in nature in the form of rock , ore , soil , water , and air . Various toxic metal that can cause damage to human organs such substances or heavy metals found in pesticides ( Wikipedia , 2010) .
Toxins are substances or compounds that can enter the body in various ways that inhibit the biological response of the system that can cause health problems , illness , and even death . Generally, a variety of chemicals that have harmful or toxic properties , are known . However , not the case with some types of animals and plants , including some types of crops that it can contain natural toxins , although the levels were very low .
Crops, ie vegetables and fruits contain nutrients , vitamins , and
minerals which are beneficial to human health , and is essential for a healthy diet . However , some types of vegetables and fruits can contain natural toxins potentially harmful to human health . Toxins are substances that are naturally
naturally present in plants , and in fact is one of the mechanisms of these plants against attack by fungi , insects , and predators . The definition of food crops is a group of plants commonly consumed daily by humans .
In this paper we will only discuss the natural toxin contained in plants and how to process that food poisoning hazard can be avoided . Thus the much-needed food crops nutrient content , vitamins , and minerals can be fixed
consumed to avoid its toxic content .
Plant food containing toxins
Many plant species in the world can not be eaten because it produces toxic content . The process of domestication or cultivation gradually to reduce levels of toxic substances contained by a plant that crops
contain toxins we consume with much lower levels than wild -type relatives ( wild-type ) . Decreased levels of toxic compounds in plants that have been cultivated is influenced by environmental conditions where the growth . Because of the toxins produced by plants is one way to fight predators , it is not surprising that modern crops are much more susceptible to disease . Several groups of toxins found in plants that we commonly consume , there are some fat -soluble and can be bioaccumulative . This means that when the plant is consumed , then these toxins are stored in body tissues , eg solanine in potatoes . Toxicity in plants can vary widely . It was influenced by the circumstances in which they grow ( drought , temperature , mineral content , etc. ) as well as disease . Different varieties of the same plant species also affects the levels of toxins and nutrients it contains .
A.Pencemaran pesticides on human health
Pollution Case Against Pesticides on Human Health Pesticides are not only toxic to the target organism but also against other organisms such as humans and pets . Pesticides can enter or be toxic in some way that is swallowed ( oral ) , inhalation ( nasal / respiratory tract ) , skin or eyes . Symptoms of poisoning are directly visible due to exposure to pesticides / poisons an acute poisoning while if new symptoms seen after repeated or long-term exposure to toxins is a chronic poisoning .
No we know there are many different types of pesticides stored at home . This pesticide is used not only in homes but also used in the yard and garden to protect plants from weeds and other destructive animals . Children are the main victims of poisoning in this case because of the high curiosity desires and behaviors are happy to enter what is found in his mouth .
There are 4 processes experienced by toxic materials within the organism , ie the absorption , distribution , metabolism and secretion . Any toxic material passes into the four processes . That begins with the entry of toxic material is then distributed or disseminated along with blood circulation. After the distribution process will be absorbed or in absorption with nutrients needed by the body and experience the process of metabolism in the human body , after the process of metabolism , the body will excrete the rest of the metabolism of the body is called the secretion process . To know the negative effects of the toxicant in the body , need to know about toxic substances and human biological system and the interaction between them . Toxic substances will be carried by the blood and distributed throughout the body and then interfere with the body's organs , among others : neurotaksik poisoning , toxic substances will be carried to the brain , or toxic substances will be stockpiled and processed in the fat tissue , muscle , bone , nerve , liver , pancreas , intestine and then after going through the process - the rest will be secreted out of the body .
In general have a lot of evidence that a chemical compound found side effects of pesticides on human health . Several types of diseases that have been studied can be caused by a side effect of the use of pesticide compounds include leukemia , multiple myaloma , lymphomas , soft tissue sarcomas , prostae cancer , skin cancer , stomach cancer , melanoma , brain disease , liver disease , lung cancer , and nerve tumors ovarian neoplasms . Apart from that , some pesticide compounds have been shown to be a factor " Carsinogenic agent " in both animals and humans , that there were 47 kinds of pesticide active ingredients found proved as Carsinogenic agent in animals , and 12 species again terbuti as Carsinogenic agent in humans . Petisida compounds that have been shown to cause disease in humans include aminotriazole , chloramben , chlorobenzilate , chlorothalenil , ethylene dibromide , pentachlorophenol , formaldehyde , MCPA , Ethylene thiourea , and so on .
In general , the compounds of pesticide poisoning can be observed based on the class of pesticides used in the field . This phenomenon is often found in the workers directly related to pesticides as well as workers at the location kepabrikan worker who directly use the pesticide compounds against the target organism . In the class of pesticides that have active ingredients of organic chlorine as Endrin , aldrin , endosulfan , dieldrin , lindane ( gamma- BHC ) and DDT , which can be caused by poisoning symptoms can include nausea , headaches and could not concentrate . At high doses can occur convulsions , vomiting and respiratory barriers may occur . This is caused because the organic chlorine compounds affect the central nervous system , especially the brain .
In organic phosphate compounds , symptoms may include headache , dizziness , weakness , pupils shrink , visual disturbances , shortness of breath , nausea , muntal , abdominal spasms , diarrhea , chest tightness and heart rate decreases . These compounds inhibit the enzyme activity in the patient's body kolonestrasi . At carbamate , almost invisible for toxicity symptoms clear , the process works well kolinestrase inhibit enzymes in the body , but the reaction is reversible and more work on the network rather than in blood plasma . Who entered the compound category is aldikarb , carbofuran , methomyl , and carbaryl propoksur .
Effect of pesticide waste generated by the living creatures , especially humans consists of two categories: acute effects and chronic effects . Acute effects can cause nervous system damage as a result of the form , damage to the digestive system , cardio vascular system damage , respiratory system damage , skin damage , and death . Meanwhile, the chronic effects can cause carcinogenic effects ( drivers of cancer ) , mutagenic effects (plunger body cell mutations ) , teratogenic effects ( birth defects driver ) , and damage to the reproductive system . Parts of organs affected are : Kidney ( generally caused toxic substance cadmium ) ; - Bones ( generally caused by toxic substances Benzene ) ; - Brain ( generally due to toxic substances Methyl Mercury ) ; - Liver ( generally caused by toxic substances Carbon - Tetrachlorida ) Lung ( generally caused by substances toxic Paraquat ) ; - Eyes ( generally due to toxic substances Khloroquin ) .
B.Kerakteristrik toxins in the environment
Waste is the waste generated from the production process both industrial and domestic ( household ) . Where people live , that's where various types of waste will be generated . There is garbage , no water toilet ( black water) , and there is waste water from a variety of other domestic activities ( gray water ) .
Solid waste better known as junk , which is often undesirable because their presence has no economic value . When viewed chemically , this waste consists of organic chemical compounds and inorganic compounds . With concentration and a certain quantity , the presence of waste can have a negative impact on the environment , especially to human health , so it is necessary to the handling of waste . The level of hazard posed by the waste poisoning depend on the type and characteristics of the waste .
Many waste gases caused by the factory or industry , which also led to some kind of harmful toxic substances polluting the environment . Many types of gas and gas particles escape through the chimney of a factory or dust catcher should be as small as possible in an effort to prevent environmental damage . Types of toxic gases , among others, SO2 , CO , NO , lead , ammonia , acid sulfide and hydrocarbons . Air pollution can occur in a reaction between two or more contaminants . For example, photochemical reactions , ie reactions that occur due to ultra violet rays of light matahari.589 Then gas oxidation reaction with the metal particles to the air as a catalyst .
C. Substance antitoksik
Currently humans are often exposed to toxic substances either from food , water and the environment . At home it does not mean harmless because there is still a possibility of toxicity of insecticides and herbicides . Depending on the properties owned by the toxic substance , so it can be absorbed through the stomach , intestines , or lungs and skin .
Fortunately , the liver ( liver ) have the ability to detoxify the toxic substances that can be excreted through the urine , bile and air . However , if the speed exceeds the speed of absorption of its excretion , the toxic substances will accumulate in the critical concentration and result in the toxic effects of these substances . Tosik substances such as sulfide , arsenic , heavy metals may enter the body and cause toxic effects . For that , it takes antitoxic substances such as iron poisoning Desferrioksamin akut.Untuk Metansulfonat for the selection and use of antidotes and substance right antitoksik good you should consult a doctor . Medicastore online pharmacy you can search for antidotes and antitoxic substances by typing in search engines medicastore . So you can choose and buy the appropriate antidotes and substance antitoksik your doctor prescribes .
REFERENCES
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi
http://www.netdetectiveindonesia.org/t3407-antidotum-zat-antitoksik
http://kesmas-unsoed.blogspot.com/2011/01/makalah-pengaruh-zat-toksik-terhadap.html
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