The impact of the state of poor food sanitationA.
Personal hygiene If workers wearing work clothes and hands clean during
the work will reduce the occurrence of contamination of food and
beverages as well as food tools otherwise if workers do things that are
less good as spitting , sneezing and coughing arbitrarily and then wiped
with hand washing back , will give rise to germs from the nose and throat will contaminate food utensils used . So directly or indirectly through an intermediary transfer germs insects ( flies ) . The impact of state food sanitation poor .B. Environment1 . The physical environmentThrough the air can contaminate food by microorganisms in the air
-borne dust particles by the NII water / saliva dots spread by people
and animals who cough / berbangkis .2 . chemical environmentThe use of chemicals in foodstuffs such as herbicides , fungicides ,
pesticides and germicides , when ingested in large quantities at any
time can cause poisoning .3 . environmental biologyCan include microorganisms that can cause damage to the food . Humans
also can be a source of germs patent , then the bacteria found in
animals can cause food poisoning and for the consumption of plant is one
less thing cause poisoning , but a time can cause poisoning in humans .
Food like human beings , in general, also favored microorganisms , thus eating microorganisms that can be a rival for humans . Foods
that have been seized with microorganisms that undergo decomposition ,
which has been in the grocery teruras circumstances that can lead to
pain , until the death of a person who eats it. also read other articles on this blog :
Friday, April 4, 2014
devinitions Health and Safety experts say
devinitions Health and Safety experts say
Understanding Health and Safety Health experts say is the general condition of a person in all aspects . It is also a level of functional efficiency and / or metabolism of an organism , often implicitly human . At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , in 1948 , health was defined as " a state of complete physical , mental , and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity " . Only a handful of publications have focused specifically on the definition of health and its evolution in the first 6 decades . Some of them highlight its lack of operational value and the problem created by use of the word " complete . " Others declare the definition , which has not been modified since 1948 , " just bad . "
In 1986 , the WHO , in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion , said that health is "a resource for everyday life , not the objective of living Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources , as well as physical abilities .. " Classification systems such as the WHO family of International Classifications ( wHO - FIC ) , which is composed of the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health ( ICF ) and the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ) also define health . ( The Caduceus 2009)
Jackson ( 1999 ) , explains that the understanding of Health and Safety at Work by the Health and Safety experts show physiological conditions - physical and psychological labor caused by the working environment provided by the company .According Mangkunagara (2002 , p.170 ) , that the cause of safety indicators are :a) The situation where the working environment , which includes :
1 . Preparation and storage of dangerous goods accounted for less security .
2 . The work space is too crowded and congested
3.Pembuangan dirt and waste are not in place .
b ) Use of work equipment , which includes :
1 . Workplace safety equipment worn or damaged .
2 . The use of machinery , electronic equipment without good security lighting settings .
The purpose of application of Health and Safety :
In general , Understanding Health and Safety experts say the crash is always defined as unpredictable events . Workplace accidents may occur due to conditions that do not carry safety , or actions that did not survive . Workplace accidents can be defined as any act or condition which may result in an accident survived . Based on the definition of workplace accidents it gives birth to safety and health that says that the way to cope is to eliminate workplace accidents element or cause of the accident and conduct strict supervision . ( Silalahi , 1995) . Safety and health are basically looking for and reveal weaknesses that allow the accident . This function can be done in two ways , namely expressing an accident causation and carefully examine whether the control is done or not . According Mangkunagara (2002 , p.165 ) that the purpose of health and safety are as follows :
a. So that every employee gets a guarantee of safety and health both physically , socially , and psychologically .
b . In order for any supplies and equipment used his best work possible selective .
c . Maintained so that all production safety.
d . In order to guarantee the maintenance and improvement of the nutritional health of employees .
e . In order to heighten the excitement , harmony work , and work participation .
f . To avoid health problems caused by environmental or working conditions .
g . So that each employee feels safe and secure in work
Understanding Health and Safety Health experts say is the general condition of a person in all aspects . It is also a level of functional efficiency and / or metabolism of an organism , often implicitly human . At the time of the creation of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , in 1948 , health was defined as " a state of complete physical , mental , and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity " . Only a handful of publications have focused specifically on the definition of health and its evolution in the first 6 decades . Some of them highlight its lack of operational value and the problem created by use of the word " complete . " Others declare the definition , which has not been modified since 1948 , " just bad . "
In 1986 , the WHO , in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion , said that health is "a resource for everyday life , not the objective of living Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources , as well as physical abilities .. " Classification systems such as the WHO family of International Classifications ( wHO - FIC ) , which is composed of the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health ( ICF ) and the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ) also define health . ( The Caduceus 2009)
Jackson ( 1999 ) , explains that the understanding of Health and Safety at Work by the Health and Safety experts show physiological conditions - physical and psychological labor caused by the working environment provided by the company .According Mangkunagara (2002 , p.170 ) , that the cause of safety indicators are :a) The situation where the working environment , which includes :
1 . Preparation and storage of dangerous goods accounted for less security .
2 . The work space is too crowded and congested
3.Pembuangan dirt and waste are not in place .
b ) Use of work equipment , which includes :
1 . Workplace safety equipment worn or damaged .
2 . The use of machinery , electronic equipment without good security lighting settings .
The purpose of application of Health and Safety :
In general , Understanding Health and Safety experts say the crash is always defined as unpredictable events . Workplace accidents may occur due to conditions that do not carry safety , or actions that did not survive . Workplace accidents can be defined as any act or condition which may result in an accident survived . Based on the definition of workplace accidents it gives birth to safety and health that says that the way to cope is to eliminate workplace accidents element or cause of the accident and conduct strict supervision . ( Silalahi , 1995) . Safety and health are basically looking for and reveal weaknesses that allow the accident . This function can be done in two ways , namely expressing an accident causation and carefully examine whether the control is done or not . According Mangkunagara (2002 , p.165 ) that the purpose of health and safety are as follows :
a. So that every employee gets a guarantee of safety and health both physically , socially , and psychologically .
b . In order for any supplies and equipment used his best work possible selective .
c . Maintained so that all production safety.
d . In order to guarantee the maintenance and improvement of the nutritional health of employees .
e . In order to heighten the excitement , harmony work , and work participation .
f . To avoid health problems caused by environmental or working conditions .
g . So that each employee feels safe and secure in work
Basics Knowledge according to experts
Basics Knowledge according to experts
Basic knowledge according Notoadmodjo (2005 ) , derived from several things , among others : a. Experience , the whole event is the encounter and nothing happens to the human interaction with nature , themselves , and the surrounding social environment and the whole truth , including the divine . The experience is divided into two : 1 ) Primary Experience , ie directly by touch sensory experience with concrete objects beyond human and witnessed the events themselves , 2 ) Secondary Experience , ie indirect experience or reflective of the primary experience . b . Memory , in his capacity as a knowledge base , both sensory experiences and memories interchangeable. Without memory , sensory experience will not develop into knowledge . On the other hand rely on memory and sensory experience as the basic source of reference . In remembering , we can recall the practical skills that we learned earlier . Everything that can be knowledge . c . Testimony , " testimony " here is intended as a true assertion by a witness to the incident or event that is submitted to another person to be trusted . In fact, according to Descartes , some thinkers rejected the testimony as one of the sources of knowledge and for the witness can always wrong or fraudulent . However, there is some knowledge that were correct in rujukkan to witness such history , law , and religion is methodologically . d . The fourth basic knowledge that : the interest and curiosity , not all experiences develop into knowledge . To evolve into a knowledge subjects with must have an interest and curiosity . Interests invite attention to the things that are experienced and are considered important to note . This means that in knowing there are elements of assessment activities . People will pay attention and know what is considered valuable . And encourage curiosity to inquire and investigate what happened and draw interest . Curiosity is closely related to an awesome and memorable experience with astonishment experienced . Asking the right question presupposes that people know where she knew and did not know where . Then , ask the right questions is the first step to obtain the right answer . e . Mind and reasoning , to be able to understand and explain what had happened to the human need to think of activities . Activities rely on the presence of mind to think . Driven by curiosity , mind asking questions relevant to persolan faced . Thinking activities in a broad sense is more than just a reason . However , the main activities are thought to attain knowledge reasoning . Thanks to the ability to reason , man can develop his knowledge . This is what distinguishes man from animals . f . The other is a basic knowledge of logic . Activity reasoning can not be removed from the logic . Do not think any activity can be called reasoning . Reasoning is thinking according to the overall sense of the appropriate legal or logical thinking . Noteworthy in this regard is merely deductive reasoning that carrying inference can be said is valid ( invalid ) . g . In addition to logic , reasoning also relies on language . Therefore , language is also one of the underlying things or allow for knowledge . Human knowledge and dikomunasikan expressed in the form of language . Because there is a means of expressing truth has been ascertained , but furthermore a means discover a previously unknown truth . h . Needs of human life , in its interaction with the world and their environment , people need knowledge . Thus , the underlying human needs and can also encourage people to develop their knowledge. In contrast to animals , humans acquire knowledge not only based on instrinsif but also creative . Human beings are capable of creating tools , have a strategy and wisdom in action . Although the underlying human needs including knowledge into pragmatic dimension of knowledge , but also driven by curiosity possessed .
Basic knowledge according Notoadmodjo (2005 ) , derived from several things , among others : a. Experience , the whole event is the encounter and nothing happens to the human interaction with nature , themselves , and the surrounding social environment and the whole truth , including the divine . The experience is divided into two : 1 ) Primary Experience , ie directly by touch sensory experience with concrete objects beyond human and witnessed the events themselves , 2 ) Secondary Experience , ie indirect experience or reflective of the primary experience . b . Memory , in his capacity as a knowledge base , both sensory experiences and memories interchangeable. Without memory , sensory experience will not develop into knowledge . On the other hand rely on memory and sensory experience as the basic source of reference . In remembering , we can recall the practical skills that we learned earlier . Everything that can be knowledge . c . Testimony , " testimony " here is intended as a true assertion by a witness to the incident or event that is submitted to another person to be trusted . In fact, according to Descartes , some thinkers rejected the testimony as one of the sources of knowledge and for the witness can always wrong or fraudulent . However, there is some knowledge that were correct in rujukkan to witness such history , law , and religion is methodologically . d . The fourth basic knowledge that : the interest and curiosity , not all experiences develop into knowledge . To evolve into a knowledge subjects with must have an interest and curiosity . Interests invite attention to the things that are experienced and are considered important to note . This means that in knowing there are elements of assessment activities . People will pay attention and know what is considered valuable . And encourage curiosity to inquire and investigate what happened and draw interest . Curiosity is closely related to an awesome and memorable experience with astonishment experienced . Asking the right question presupposes that people know where she knew and did not know where . Then , ask the right questions is the first step to obtain the right answer . e . Mind and reasoning , to be able to understand and explain what had happened to the human need to think of activities . Activities rely on the presence of mind to think . Driven by curiosity , mind asking questions relevant to persolan faced . Thinking activities in a broad sense is more than just a reason . However , the main activities are thought to attain knowledge reasoning . Thanks to the ability to reason , man can develop his knowledge . This is what distinguishes man from animals . f . The other is a basic knowledge of logic . Activity reasoning can not be removed from the logic . Do not think any activity can be called reasoning . Reasoning is thinking according to the overall sense of the appropriate legal or logical thinking . Noteworthy in this regard is merely deductive reasoning that carrying inference can be said is valid ( invalid ) . g . In addition to logic , reasoning also relies on language . Therefore , language is also one of the underlying things or allow for knowledge . Human knowledge and dikomunasikan expressed in the form of language . Because there is a means of expressing truth has been ascertained , but furthermore a means discover a previously unknown truth . h . Needs of human life , in its interaction with the world and their environment , people need knowledge . Thus , the underlying human needs and can also encourage people to develop their knowledge. In contrast to animals , humans acquire knowledge not only based on instrinsif but also creative . Human beings are capable of creating tools , have a strategy and wisdom in action . Although the underlying human needs including knowledge into pragmatic dimension of knowledge , but also driven by curiosity possessed .
Factor - Factor Affecting Knowledge
Factor - Factor Affecting Knowledge
Nanda (2005 ) , explains that the factors associated with lack of knowledge ( deficient knowledge) consists of : a. Exposure to information , b . Memory / rote , c . Interpretation of information ( information misrepresented ) , d . Cognitive , e . Interest in learning , f . Familiarity will be a source of information .
Meanwhile, according Notoadmodjo (2007 ) , knowledge is influenced by several factors , including: a . Education , education " is a process of changing attitudes and code of conduct a person or group of mature business man and also through teaching and training efforts , then obviously we can kerucutkan a vision of education that is to educate people, so a person's level of knowledge of an object is determined olehtingkat education , b . Media , the media specifically designed to reach a very wide public . So an example of the mass media is television , radio , newspapers , and magazines , c . Exposure information was "that of which one is apprised or told : intelligence , news" . But there is also information that emphasizes the transfer of knowledge . In addition the term information also has other meanings as defined by the bill of information technology which interpret it as a technique for collecting , preparing , storing , manipulating , publish, analyze , and disseminate information for specific purposes . Whereas own information includes data , text , images , sounds , codes, computer programs , databases . The big difference in the definition of information because the information per se can not be described (intangible ) , whereas the information encountered in everyday life , which is derived from data and observations of the world around us and passed on through communication .
Here are some internal factors that can also affect the knowledge that :
1 . educationEducation means a person given guidance on the development of other people heading towards certain ideals which determine people to do and fill to reach the safety of life and happiness . Education is necessary to obtain information , for example the things that support health so as to improve the quality of life . According to the cited mantra Notoadmojo YB ( 2003) , education may affect a person, including a person's behavior will also lifestyle especially in motivating to participate in the development of attitudes . ( Nursalam , 2003) in general, the higher a person's educational environment more receptive to the information .
2 . jobAccording to Thomas cited by Nursalam ( 2003) , the work is to be done primarily vices to support life and family life . Work is not a source of pleasure , but more of a way of making a living that boring , repetitive and many challenges . While the work is generally a time-consuming activity . Working for mothers will have an influence terhadapkehidupankeluarga .
3 . ageAccording to Elisabeth cited Nursalam BH ( 2003) , age is the age of the individual starting at birth until her birthday . Meanwhile, according Huclok (1998 ) is getting quite the age , level of maturity and strength of a person will be more mature in thinking and working . In terms of public confidence in someone who is more mature than those who have not believed the high maturity . This will be a life experience and maturity
Nanda (2005 ) , explains that the factors associated with lack of knowledge ( deficient knowledge) consists of : a. Exposure to information , b . Memory / rote , c . Interpretation of information ( information misrepresented ) , d . Cognitive , e . Interest in learning , f . Familiarity will be a source of information .
Meanwhile, according Notoadmodjo (2007 ) , knowledge is influenced by several factors , including: a . Education , education " is a process of changing attitudes and code of conduct a person or group of mature business man and also through teaching and training efforts , then obviously we can kerucutkan a vision of education that is to educate people, so a person's level of knowledge of an object is determined olehtingkat education , b . Media , the media specifically designed to reach a very wide public . So an example of the mass media is television , radio , newspapers , and magazines , c . Exposure information was "that of which one is apprised or told : intelligence , news" . But there is also information that emphasizes the transfer of knowledge . In addition the term information also has other meanings as defined by the bill of information technology which interpret it as a technique for collecting , preparing , storing , manipulating , publish, analyze , and disseminate information for specific purposes . Whereas own information includes data , text , images , sounds , codes, computer programs , databases . The big difference in the definition of information because the information per se can not be described (intangible ) , whereas the information encountered in everyday life , which is derived from data and observations of the world around us and passed on through communication .
Here are some internal factors that can also affect the knowledge that :
1 . educationEducation means a person given guidance on the development of other people heading towards certain ideals which determine people to do and fill to reach the safety of life and happiness . Education is necessary to obtain information , for example the things that support health so as to improve the quality of life . According to the cited mantra Notoadmojo YB ( 2003) , education may affect a person, including a person's behavior will also lifestyle especially in motivating to participate in the development of attitudes . ( Nursalam , 2003) in general, the higher a person's educational environment more receptive to the information .
2 . jobAccording to Thomas cited by Nursalam ( 2003) , the work is to be done primarily vices to support life and family life . Work is not a source of pleasure , but more of a way of making a living that boring , repetitive and many challenges . While the work is generally a time-consuming activity . Working for mothers will have an influence terhadapkehidupankeluarga .
3 . ageAccording to Elisabeth cited Nursalam BH ( 2003) , age is the age of the individual starting at birth until her birthday . Meanwhile, according Huclok (1998 ) is getting quite the age , level of maturity and strength of a person will be more mature in thinking and working . In terms of public confidence in someone who is more mature than those who have not believed the high maturity . This will be a life experience and maturity
Understanding of knowledge and level of knowledge
Understanding of knowledge and level of knowledge
Knowledge is everything that is known , intelligence ( Big Indonesian Dictionary , 2003) . And according Notoatmodjo (2007 ) , knowledge is the result of know and do occur after the sensing of the specified object . Sensing occurs through human senses are the senses of sight , hearing, smell , taste and touch . Most human knowledge acquired through the eyes and ears .
From the definition above , the writer can conclude that , knowledge is everything that is known by the people who do the sensing of the specified object .
level of Knowledge
According Notoadmodjo in Putriazka ( 2003) , knowledge in the cognitive domain has six levels as follows :
a. Know ( Know )
Know interpreted as remembering a previously learned material .
b . Understanding ( Comprehensio )
Understanding is defined as an ability to explain properly about the object known .
c . Application ( Application )
Application is defined as the ability to use materials that have been studied .
d . Analysis ( Analysis)
Analysis is the ability to describe a material or object into the components .
e . Synthesis ( Synthesis )
Synthesis showed an ability to lay or connect the parts in a whole new form .
f . Evaluation ( Evaluation )
Evaluation is kemampuaan to justify or assessment of a material or object
Knowledge is everything that is known , intelligence ( Big Indonesian Dictionary , 2003) . And according Notoatmodjo (2007 ) , knowledge is the result of know and do occur after the sensing of the specified object . Sensing occurs through human senses are the senses of sight , hearing, smell , taste and touch . Most human knowledge acquired through the eyes and ears .
From the definition above , the writer can conclude that , knowledge is everything that is known by the people who do the sensing of the specified object .
level of Knowledge
According Notoadmodjo in Putriazka ( 2003) , knowledge in the cognitive domain has six levels as follows :
a. Know ( Know )
Know interpreted as remembering a previously learned material .
b . Understanding ( Comprehensio )
Understanding is defined as an ability to explain properly about the object known .
c . Application ( Application )
Application is defined as the ability to use materials that have been studied .
d . Analysis ( Analysis)
Analysis is the ability to describe a material or object into the components .
e . Synthesis ( Synthesis )
Synthesis showed an ability to lay or connect the parts in a whole new form .
f . Evaluation ( Evaluation )
Evaluation is kemampuaan to justify or assessment of a material or object
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