Understanding the benefits Colostrum and colostrum

Definition of Colostrum
Colostrum ( early milk ) is milk that came out in the first days after birth , yellowish and thicker , because it contains a lot of vitamin A , protein and antibodies that are important to protect infants from infectious diseases . Colostrum also contains vitamins A , E and K as well as some minerals such as sodium and Zn ( MOH, 2005) .
benefits of Colostrum
According to the MOH (2005 ) , colostrum benefits are :

    Colostrum contains antibodies mainly ( IgA ) to protect infants from infectious diseases , especially diarrhea .
    Colostrum contains proteins , vitamins A high carbohydrate and low fat , so according to the nutritional needs of infants in the first days after birth .
    The amount of colostrum produced , varies depending on the baby sucking on the first days of the birth , although a little but enough to meet the nutritional needs of infants . Therefore , to be given to the baby .
    Colostrum helps expenditures meconium , the first baby poop greenish-black .

Understanding the benefits of breastfeeding and breast milk

Definition of breastfed
Mother's Milk ( ASI ) is the best and natural food for infants . Breastfeeding is a natural process , but often unsuccessful mothers to breastfeed or stopping breastfeeding early before the age of six months . Hence mothers need help to make the process successful exclusive breastfeeding . Many reasons dikemukan mothers , among others , the mother felt that her milk is not enough , the milk does not come out in the first days of a baby 's birth . Indeed it is not caused because the mother was not confident enough that their milk to the baby . Information about the ways good and proper breastfeeding , exclusive breastfeeding has not reached the majority of mothers ( MOH, 2005) .
benefits of breastfeeding
The benefits of breastfeeding ( breast milk ) , is the best nutrition for babies because of the composition of nutrients in it is able to ensure optimal growth of the baby's body . In addition , the quality of breast milk nutrients are also best for easily digested and absorbed by the baby's gut . Protein content of breast milk ( 0.9 mg / 100 ml ) was lower than the levels of protein in formula ( 1.6 gram/100 ml ) . However , breast milk is very high quality protein and contain essential amino acids needed by the baby's digestion ( Widjaja , 2004) .

Understanding Anemia by the Expert

anemia
Anemia is a condition in decreasing levels of hemoglobin , hematocrit and red blood cell count below the normal value is pegged to the individual ( Arisman , 2008) . Anemia is a condition where a low hemoglobin levels due to pathological conditions . Iron deficiency anemia is one cause , but not the only cause of anemia ( Fatmah in the Faculty of Public Health , 2007) .
According Nursalam , Anemia is a decrease in the levels of erythrocytes ( red blood cells ) and hemoglobin ( Hb ) in each cubic millimeter of blood in the human body . Almost all disorders of the circulatory system is accompanied by anemia characterized by paleness of color on the body , decrease in physical labor , lower resistance . The causes of anemia include an assortment of iron deficiency anemia ( Murgiyanta , 2006) .
According Wirakusumah , anemia is a condition to a decrease in hemoglobin concentration , hematocrit and red cell count below normal . In pendertita anemia more often called anemia , red blood cell levels or hemoglobin below normal . The reason could be due to lack of iron , folic acid and vitamin B12 . But what often happens is anemia caused by iron deficiency . Iron deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron in the body , so the need for iron for erythropoiesis is not enough , which is characterized by red blood cells , hypochromic picture - mikrositer , levels of serum iron and transferrin saturation decreased , elevated total iron binding capacity and iron reserves in the bone marrow as well as another place very little or nothing at all ( Oppusungu , 2009) .
According Soekirman , iron deficiency anemia is a condition where a decline in iron storage in the liver , thereby decreasing the amount of blood hemoglobin below normal . Before the iron anemia , beginning first with the state of malnutrition iron ( KGB ) . If iron stores in the liver decreased but not severe , and the amount of hemoglobin is still normal , then the person is said to be malnourished iron ( not accompanied by iron anemia ) . The state of ongoing malnutrition and iron will result in more severe iron deficiency anemia , in which the body no longer has enough iron to form hemoglobin in the cells needed new blood ( Wulansari , 2006) .

Signs and Symptoms of Anemia

Signs and Symptoms of Anemia
Signs and symptoms of anemia usually is not typical and is often not obvious , such as pallor, fatigue , palpitations and shortness of breath . Pallor can be checked on the palms of the hands , nails and conjunctiva palbera . Typical Signs include anemia , angular stomatitis , glossitis , dysphagia , hipokloridia , koilonychia and pafofagia . Signs that are less typical form of fatigue , anorexia , increased susceptibility to infections , certain behavioral disorders , intellectual performance and the ability to work decreases ( Arisman , 2008) .
Early symptoms of anemia such as iron weakness, fatigue , lack of energy , poor appetite , decreased concentration , headache , easily infected with the disease , decreased stamina , and view dizzy - especially when rising from a seat. In addition , the face , mucous membranes of the eyelids , lips , and nails the patient was pale . If anemia is very severe , can result in shortness of breath even a weak heart ( Zarianis , 2006) .
Symptoms caused by insufficient oxygen supply to these needs, varies . Anemia can cause fatigue , weakness , lack of energy and the head was floating . If anemia gain weight , can lead to a stroke or heart attack . Symptoms of weakness, fatigue , lethargy , fatigue , weak or commonly called 5l is also one of the symptoms of anemia . Other symptoms are dizzy eyes , reduced concentration and immune deficiencies ( Wikipedia , 2007) .
Early symptoms of iron deficiency anemia is a complaint weakness, fatigue , lack of energy , poor appetite , decreased concentration , headache , dizzy often view particularly of state sitting then standing . Another sign of the eyelids , face , lips and fingertips usually looks pale ( Syafitri , 2008) .

prevention of Anemia

So far there are four basic approaches prevention of iron deficiency anemia , namely ( Arisman , 2008)

    The provision of iron tablets or injections of iron tablet Giving workers or longer supplementation for 3-4 months to increase hemoglobin levels , red blood cell lives for only about 3 months or erythrocyte life only lasts for 120 days , then 1/20 of erythrocyte cells must replaced daily or body require 20 mg of iron per day . The body can not absorb iron ( Fe ) from the food that much every day , then iron supplementation iron tablet is very important. Supplementation is executed by providing nutrients that can help to correct the state of nutritional anemia . Because according to the results of the study of nutritional anemia in Indonesia are mostly caused due to iron deficiency .
    Education and effort that has to do with increased iron intake through food consumption of iron tablets can cause side effects that interfere so people tend to reject tablets given . To be understood , must be given proper education , for example about the dangers that may occur due to anemia , and must also be convinced that one of the causes of anemia is iron deficiency . Iron intake from food can be improved in two ways :
    a. Ensuring adequate food consumption of calories that should be consumed .
    b . Increasing the bioavailability of iron is eaten , is by way of promoting foods that can spur and avoid foods that can reduce iron absorption .
    Treatment of infectious disease surveillance effective and timely manner to reduce the undesirable effects of nutrition . Although , the number of episodes of illness was not reduced, appropriate treatment services has been shown to shrink the long as well as the severity of the infection . The crucial action performed during ongoing disease patients is educating families about healthy eating during and after illness . Surveillance of infectious diseases requiring health measures such as the provision of clean water , improved sanitation and personal hygiene . If there is a parasitic infection , no doubt about it, that hookworm ( Ancylostoma and Necator ) and Schistosoma are the cause. While the role of other intestinal parasites which proved to be very small . There is plenty of written evidence , that the parasite parasites in large amounts can menggaggu absorption of various nutrients . Therefore , the parasite must be destroyed on a regular basis . However, if the destruction of intestinal parasites is not accompanied by cessation measures the source of infection , reinfection can occur that require more drugs . Culling the worm itself can be effective in terms of reducing the parasite , but the benefit in hemoglobin levels very slightly . If iron intake increases , either through supplementation or food fortification , although hemoglobin levels will increase parasite itself has not been eliminated .
    Fortification of staple foods with iron fortification of food which is consumed and processed centrally at the core of anemia control in various countries . Fortification of food is one of the most powerful way in the prevention of iron deficiency . In industrialized countries , the product is a common Makana fortification of wheat flour and bread made ​​from corn meal and grits . In other developing countries have been considered for memfortifikasi salt , sugar , rice and fish sauce .