understanding human Anatomy Frame System

Anatomy of human understanding and kind Frame System The skeletal system is a sistemorgan that provide physical support padamakhluk life . The skeletal system is generally divided into three types : external , internal , and the base fluids ( order hydrostatic ) .
Framework functions include:

    hold the entire body parts in order not to collapse
    protect the delicate organs such as the brain , heart , and lungs
    point of attachment of the muscles
    to the movement of the body through muscle
    the making of blood cells , especially red blood cells
    give shape to the body building the framework of a human body pieces .
Axial skeleton consists of a group of bones that make up the axis of the body and provide protection dukungandan on the organ in the head , neck and badan.Macam - wide axial skeleton , namely :

    Skull head and face consists of : skull bones are bones that make up the skull kepala.Tulang framework is composed of 8 pieces of bone that make up the head and fourteen bones that make up the face . kepalamerupakan skull part protective frame of the brain . Joints that exists between the skull bones are the joints called sutures dead .
    DadaTulang chest bone including lamellar bone , located in the center of the chest . on the right of left side of the sternum there is a place lekatdari ribs . together with the ribs , sternum protect the heart , lungs and major blood vessels of the chest bone damage is composed of three bones namely :
        Bone upstream / manubrium . located at the top of the sternum , ribs tempatmelekatknya first and second .
        Bone weight / Gladiolus , situated in the middle , were attached to three to tulangrusuk seventh , eighth rib joint sampaisepuluh.c.Tulang taju sword / xiphoid process , located at the bottom of the tulangdada . This bone is formed from the rib bone ribs rawan3.Tulang shaped thin , arched pipihdan . together form the chest cavity dengantulang dadauntuk protect the heart and lungs, ribs paru.Tulang divided into three bagianyaitu :
True ribs of seven pairs . The ribs on the back associated with spinal segments while the front end berhubungandengan through the breastbone cartilage . b.Tulang consists of 3 pairs of false ribs . These ribs have ukuranlebih shorter than the true ribs . On the back associated with spinal segments while the three front ends of the bones are united by cartilage that attach bone dadac.Rusuk padasatu point drift amounted to 2 pairs . The ribs on the back end associated with the joints of the spine , ribs bebas.Tulang while the front end has several functions including : protecting the heart and lungs of shock , protecting the stomach , spleen and kidneys , and help pernapasan.4.Ruas - BelakangRuas vertebrae of the spine are called vertebrae also composed by 33 pieces of bone with irregular shapes . to 33 pieces of the bone consists from 5 parts:

    The first seven segments called cervical vertebrae . The first segment daritulang neck bone called the atlas , and the second node in the form of bone or pivot player . form of bone atlas allows the head to make a move .
    Next twelve sections form the backbone . Backbone segments on the left and right is where melekatnyatulang ribs .
    The next five sections are the lumbar spine . Pingganglebih bone size larger than the backbone . Vertebrae pinggangmenahan most of the weight of the body and many muscles attached otot.d.Lima kelangkangan vertebra ( sacrum ) , which is fused , shaped segitigaterletak below the lumbar vertebrae .
    The lower part of the spine joints called the tail bone ( coccyx ) , composed of 3 to 5 fused vertebrae .
    The joints of the spine and body functions to enforce menjagakeseimbangan . support the head and hands , and where the muscles attach , ribs and some organs .
Composed of appendicular skeleton bones that are in addition to axial.Skeleton appendicular skeleton consists of :
1 . Upper limbs ( superior extremity )
2 . Lower limbs ( inferior extremity )
3 . shoulder girdle
4 . Bracelet stage .
5 . The final part of the vertebral joints such as the sacrum and coccyx bone
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System Excretion In Humans

Excretion In Humans metabolic system of the body produces substances such as carbon dioxide garbage , ammonia , urea , uric acid , or even water . These substances trash if allowed to accumulate in the body will poison and harmful to the body . To avoid problems due to the trash substances , these substances must be removed from cells , tissues , and body . The process of spending the trash substances from cells , tissues , and body is called excretion . Expenditure process ( excretion ) is almost always involves a process of osmoregulation , a process untukmemelihara osmotic pressure in humans and animals in the face of the environmental condition of the body parts that are used to perform osmoregulation in every kind of animal is varied .
a. Simple Animals ( Animal porous / sponges ) body part is used to regulate the concentration of body fluids simply by the process of diffusion and osmosis directly through the cell membrane
b . Single-celled animals ( eg Amoeba , Paramaecium ) , body parts are used in osmoregulation
is the contractile vacuole via the mechanism of diffusion and osmosis .
c . Land animals , osmoregulation occurs through organ expenditure ( excretion ) , a kidney . In this case
kidneys act as organs of excretion and osmoregulation .
d . Aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates ( amphibians , fish , insects ) osmoregulation function through specific organs such as gills , skin , and even bowel .

    Kidney , One system expenditure in humans is the urinary system . Human urinary system is composed of kidneys , ureters , bladder , and urethra ( see Figure 1.1 ) . Urinary system functions as follows :
        Filter metabolic waste substances from the blood ; Structure Tool Excretion In Humans
        Controlling blood volume , ie by removing the excess water produced by the cells of the body . Maintaining the amount of water in the blood is important to maintain blood pressure in order to move the gas , and solid waste substances spending remained normal .
        Maintaining equilibrium concentration of certain salts . These salts must be present in certain concentrations for cell survival activities . The main organ of the urinary system is a pair of kidneys . This organ is red brown , shaped like a kidney bean seeds . The location of the kidney in the lumbar region , precisely at the back of the abdomen and protected ribs . The kidneys filter the blood that has been containing metabolic waste from the body's cells .

    skin
    Lungs
    The lungs are organs including expenses incurred due to breathing air containing carbon dioxide and water resulting from the activities of the cell . The release of water could be seen when you breathe in cold air in the form of fog . Every day the body to release approximately 350 ml of water in the form of water vapor through the respiratory system . To prove the presence of water and carbon dioxide did
    heart
    Heart had a role in the system of spending because of liver cells to function as a place overhaul of red blood cells and decipher hameglobin resulting dyestuff bile ( bilirubin ) . The dye is released into bile in the urine and feces . The liver also plays a role in the formation of urea from ammonia , which is then excreted through the kidneys with urine .
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Female reproductive system

When a woman enters puberty , egg cells begin to grow in the sexual organs of a pair of ovaries . Unlike a man , a woman's reproductive system organs of internal organs , being in the ovary body lies in the lower part of the body cavity . Approximately one month each ovary produces an egg cook . This process is called ovulation . The two ovaries produce eggs turns each month . The resulting egg into the oviduct If fertilized by a sperm , the egg will continue to be in the oviduct . Vibrating hairs in the fallopian tubes that help to move the egg toward the uterus ( womb ) . The uterus has a hollow structure , shaped like a guava fruit , and is the organ that is filled with muscle . The walls are thickened when inside the fertilized egg or zygote grows and develops . The lower part of the uterus associated with the outside of the body through the presence of a muscular tube called the vagina . The vagina is also called the birth canal , because
as the passage of the baby at birth .
briefly organs of the female reproductive system and its functions can be seen in the picture on the following explanation :

    Generate ovarian egg
    Channelling oviduct eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
    Uterus The fertilized egg cell growth
    Receive vaginal sperm cells and the way the baby is born

Fertilization process

Since no cell theory in 1939 , scientists knew that humans evolved from an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm . Consolidation of sperm with the egg known as the fertilization process , or fertilization . Sperm is collected in the vagina , and then moves toward the uterus through the channel Uran eggs . While it is generally only one egg is produced , while the number of sperm deposited ranged between 200-300 million . Of the many sperm , only one can fertilize the egg after a sperm can penetrate the outer surface of the egg at fertilization , the egg immediately develop a chemical barrier . This means that the egg is coated by the compounds
certain that millions of others do not participate sperm to fertilize the egg . When the sperm merges with the egg in the process of fertilization , the zygote formed has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus . Fertilization between egg and sperm occurs in the oviduct , and produce the zygote moves from the oviduct to the uterus . Over time , the zygote undergo cell division . After about 7 days , a collection of cells which are spherical zygote cleavage results will be embedded in the uterine wall . Before the zygote embedded , uterine wall thickening that had already been prepared to accept the zygote . Zygote in the uterus will grow for 9 months until the baby is born . For humans and certain animals that embryonic development occurs in the body of the female parent , there is a period before birth is called gestation period or pregnancy . While tissues , organs and body systems evolve , embryo in the uterus must obtain food and oxygen , and remove metabolic waste materials . Embryos must also be protected . Study the following to be able to discover how the human embryo is protected to keep it alive .

Brain function

Brain function , as well as other organs composed of different bagianbagian . Each part has a different function . The human brain consists of three main parts . Let us look more closely to each section . The parts in question is the cerebrum , cerebellum , and the medulla oblongata .

    The cerebrum ( large brain ) is the part of the brain that control thought , reason , and the senses . most of what you see is the cerebrum . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain . This section has the folds . The cerebrum has multiple functions . One of its functions is to store the message . Normally this function is called memory . The cerebrum receives messages from all sensory organs , for example, which may be interpreted as the sound of music , laughter , or the sound of a whistle . Vision may be interpreted as a bright flower colors or dark clouds . The cerebrum is also the center of muscle control . Message to the movement of the hands and feet starting from the cerebrum . Book of pain or touch ended in the cerebrum . The cerebrum also controls personality . Some of the functions of the cerebrum are aware . Conscious means can be controlled . For example, you decide to move your feet , then you do it . The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres . The right side of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body and also receive messages from the left side of the body . The left side of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body and also receive messages from the right side of the body .
    ( cerebellum ) is a part of the brain that helps you move gentle and supple not stiff like a robot . How does the size of the cerebellum compared to the cerebrum ? In which the cerebellum is located , in front of or behind kepalamukah ? All the nerves entering and leaving the brain originating from and going to the muscles send messages to the cerebellum . Cerebellum help you to stay balanced . Work cerebellum is unconscious , which means you can not
    The third part of the brain is the medulla oblongata . Medulla oblongata seems similar to the spinal cord , but function very differently . Medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that control heart rate , breathing , and blood pressure . All work is handled by the medulla oblongata is outside of consciousness . Work medulla oblongata does not require you to think first.
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