Excretion system disorders and diseases in humans according to experts

There are several disorders / diseases caused by abnormal structure and function of the excretory system , Excretion System Disorders and Diseases in humans according to the experts , among others, nephrosis , nephritis , sistisis , polycystic , and renal failure menueurut experts can be seen in the picture below :

    Nephrosis nephroses is a condition in which the glomerular membrane leaky , led to a large number of proteins out of the blood to the urine . Water and sodium accumulate in the body causing edema , particularly in the ankles, legs , abdomen , and eyes . Nephrosis generally occurs in children .
    Glomerular nephritis glomerular nephritis is an inflammation of the membrane of glomerular filtration in the renal korpuskulum . The cause of inflammation in general is an allergic reaction to the toxins released by the bacteria streptococcus that infect other parts of the body , especially the throat . The disease is characterized by the increase in the permeability of the membrane filtration and accumulation of white blood cells in the area of ​​membrane filtration . As a result , a large number of plasma proteins into the urine . The existence of plasma proteins increases the osmotic pressure of the urine filtrate , resulting in increased urine volume and lead to kidney failure .
    Pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the entire kidney . This damage often begins with a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and then widened to the main part of the kidney .
    Sistisis Sistisis is inflammation of the bladder , especially the mucosa and sub- mucosa . Sistisis can be caused by infection with bacteria , chemicals , or injury .
    Polycystic disease This disease can be caused by damage to the bile duct system and produce destructive nephron enlargement such as cysts ( lumps ) along this line . Kidney damage is generally declining .
    Kidney stones Kidney stones are stones that formed from uric acid , calcium , phosphate , oxalic acid and others formed in the kidneys . The formation of kidney stones can be caused by the urine is too concentrated and less drinking . These stones can also form in the bladder and the kidney itself .
    Renal Kidney failure can lose its function so it can not excrete metabolic waste products from the body , even substances that the body can still be used as glucose and proteins can come out of the body . This phenomenon is called kidney failure . This disorder can be caused by conditions that impair kidney function . Acute renal failure that causes a buildup of urea in the blood and acidosis ( blood is more acidic ) . Kidney damage can be caused by severe glomerular nephritis , or it could also be caused by certain ginjal.Racun obstruction resulting from industrial processes cause necrosis ( cell damage ) epithelial nephrons . Severe renal failure caused by permanent damage to many nephrons , so nephron - nephron is not working . This damage is characterized by the inability of the kidneys to excrete excretion results , retention , swelling due to fluid accumulation , increase in potassium content , acidosis , poisoning trash , and ended in death .

Phase and symptoms of HIV and prevention of HIV / AIDS

Phase and symptoms of HIV and prevention of HIV / AIDS infected person , his immune system will decrease , diminish and eventually disappear . People infected with HIV phase I , it seems like a healthy person , yet showing symptoms . This phase lasts 5-7 years , depending on the patient's body immunity . In phase II, the initial symptoms of HIV-related illnesses , such as : loss of appetite , body weakness, excessive sweating at night, raised patches on the skin , swollen lymph nodes , persistent diarrhea , the flu does not heal . This phase lasts about 6 months to 2 years . Stages of AIDS can only be diagnosed after immune greatly reduced and incurred certain diseases such as tuberculosis , pneumonia , herpes , impaired nerve , etc. ) . Keep in mind that not all people who suffer from the disease above definitely suffering from AIDS . This phase lasts 3-6 months . To ascertain whether a person is positive for AIDS or not , should be checking the number of T cells in the laboratory . Until now people can not mention the exact symptoms of AIDS , because AIDS is not a typical symptom . Can be Done For
Prevention of AIDS in the family environment to convey the information that you already know this to other family members , friends and neighbors . Phase and symptoms of HIV and prevention of HIV / AIDS If everyday you find incorrect information about AIDS , immediately align the right way so that people are interested and also correct that information . In the school environment you may be able to propose to the teacher or principal that held discussions or seminars or other activities related to the prevention of AIDS . Activities related to the prevention of AIDS can also do the same with similar activities such as drug prevention , family education , and so on . Why do we bother with the problem of AIDS in Indonesia ? In Indonesia there is a widespread tendency of commercial sex workers , high spread of venereal disease , high urbanization and population migration , the tendency of increasing sex before marriage , the traffic from / to take place freely abroad , as well as the use of syringes , tattoos , piercing unhealthy .

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System composed of external organs which consist of the penis and scrotum . Note the penis serves as a breeding and urinary organs . In addition there is a penis called the scrotum sac in which there are testicles . During puberty , the two testes begin to produce sperm , the male sex cells . Sperm cells to have a single structure composed of head and tail . Serves to propel the sperm tail , while the head of the sperm contains the genetic information . The scrotum also serves to help regulate temperature suitable for the production of sperm .
Some other organs also help in the reproduction is for the transport and storage of sperm in the body . After the resulting sperm from the testicles , will be accommodated in the epididymis . Subsequently transported through the channel that circles the bladder . In addition there is a bladder gland called the seminal glands where sperm mix with fluid that helps sperm move . Mixture of sperm and fluid is called semen . Semen leaves the body through the urethra , which is the same channel for the flow of urine out of the body . However, between the cement and the urine is never mixed . Muscles that are behind the bladder to contract to prevent urine out of the urethra when sperm are removed from the body . In summary organ Male Reproductive System related functions can be arranged as :

    Generate testicular sperm through meiosis
    Wrapping the scrotum testicles
    Channeling the penis into the vagina sperm
    Channelling the vas deferens sperm from the testes to the urethra
    The seminal vesicles Holds Sperm
    Channelling the urethra of sperm and urine out of the body
    Seminal Gland Produces easy to move fluids to sperm

Menstrual Cycle Counting

The egg cell produced by the ovaries every 28 days . What controls the cycle ? Menstrual Cycle Counting Some changes in the reproductive system is controlled by hormones . Hormones are chemicals produced by the body to control the metabolic processes in the body . Changes that occur each month on the female reproductive organs is called the menstrual cycle . On a woman's menstrual cycle occurs every certain period , eg 28 days . However, the menstrual cycle varies for each individual , ranging from 20-40 days . The changes that occur during menstruation involves cooking eggs and thickening of the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized egg cell . If the egg cell in the ovary cook , thicken the uterine wall . More or less on day 14 of the menstrual cycle of 28 days , resulting egg cell from the ovary , and is known as the
ovulation . The egg is kept alive for 24-48 hours , and move along the fallopian tubes toward the uterus or the uterus . The egg can be fertilized when there are live sperm in the fallopian tubes for 48 hours before or after ovulation . If the egg is not fertilized in the fallopian tubes , it will be whole ( broken ) . Uterine lining will shed and bleeding occurs. These events occur every month , and is known as menstruation . The duration of menstruation lasts for 4-6 days . shows the changes during the menstrual cycle . When menstruation takes place , another egg begins to experience cooking . Rahim also began to thicken in preparation for receiving the other egg . Menstruation occurs when the organ started breeding girl started masak.Pada most girls , the first menstruation occurred at the age of 8-13 years old , and continued until the age of 45-55 years . In the 50s Cycle Counting periods become irregular and stop for good , this event is called menopause .

understanding human Anatomy Frame System

Anatomy of human understanding and kind Frame System The skeletal system is a sistemorgan that provide physical support padamakhluk life . The skeletal system is generally divided into three types : external , internal , and the base fluids ( order hydrostatic ) .
Framework functions include:

    hold the entire body parts in order not to collapse
    protect the delicate organs such as the brain , heart , and lungs
    point of attachment of the muscles
    to the movement of the body through muscle
    the making of blood cells , especially red blood cells
    give shape to the body building the framework of a human body pieces .
Axial skeleton consists of a group of bones that make up the axis of the body and provide protection dukungandan on the organ in the head , neck and badan.Macam - wide axial skeleton , namely :

    Skull head and face consists of : skull bones are bones that make up the skull kepala.Tulang framework is composed of 8 pieces of bone that make up the head and fourteen bones that make up the face . kepalamerupakan skull part protective frame of the brain . Joints that exists between the skull bones are the joints called sutures dead .
    DadaTulang chest bone including lamellar bone , located in the center of the chest . on the right of left side of the sternum there is a place lekatdari ribs . together with the ribs , sternum protect the heart , lungs and major blood vessels of the chest bone damage is composed of three bones namely :
        Bone upstream / manubrium . located at the top of the sternum , ribs tempatmelekatknya first and second .
        Bone weight / Gladiolus , situated in the middle , were attached to three to tulangrusuk seventh , eighth rib joint sampaisepuluh.c.Tulang taju sword / xiphoid process , located at the bottom of the tulangdada . This bone is formed from the rib bone ribs rawan3.Tulang shaped thin , arched pipihdan . together form the chest cavity dengantulang dadauntuk protect the heart and lungs, ribs paru.Tulang divided into three bagianyaitu :
True ribs of seven pairs . The ribs on the back associated with spinal segments while the front end berhubungandengan through the breastbone cartilage . b.Tulang consists of 3 pairs of false ribs . These ribs have ukuranlebih shorter than the true ribs . On the back associated with spinal segments while the three front ends of the bones are united by cartilage that attach bone dadac.Rusuk padasatu point drift amounted to 2 pairs . The ribs on the back end associated with the joints of the spine , ribs bebas.Tulang while the front end has several functions including : protecting the heart and lungs of shock , protecting the stomach , spleen and kidneys , and help pernapasan.4.Ruas - BelakangRuas vertebrae of the spine are called vertebrae also composed by 33 pieces of bone with irregular shapes . to 33 pieces of the bone consists from 5 parts:

    The first seven segments called cervical vertebrae . The first segment daritulang neck bone called the atlas , and the second node in the form of bone or pivot player . form of bone atlas allows the head to make a move .
    Next twelve sections form the backbone . Backbone segments on the left and right is where melekatnyatulang ribs .
    The next five sections are the lumbar spine . Pingganglebih bone size larger than the backbone . Vertebrae pinggangmenahan most of the weight of the body and many muscles attached otot.d.Lima kelangkangan vertebra ( sacrum ) , which is fused , shaped segitigaterletak below the lumbar vertebrae .
    The lower part of the spine joints called the tail bone ( coccyx ) , composed of 3 to 5 fused vertebrae .
    The joints of the spine and body functions to enforce menjagakeseimbangan . support the head and hands , and where the muscles attach , ribs and some organs .
Composed of appendicular skeleton bones that are in addition to axial.Skeleton appendicular skeleton consists of :
1 . Upper limbs ( superior extremity )
2 . Lower limbs ( inferior extremity )
3 . shoulder girdle
4 . Bracelet stage .
5 . The final part of the vertebral joints such as the sacrum and coccyx bone
Summary of the article content understanding human Anatomy Frame System may be useful for all blog visitors .

System Excretion In Humans

Excretion In Humans metabolic system of the body produces substances such as carbon dioxide garbage , ammonia , urea , uric acid , or even water . These substances trash if allowed to accumulate in the body will poison and harmful to the body . To avoid problems due to the trash substances , these substances must be removed from cells , tissues , and body . The process of spending the trash substances from cells , tissues , and body is called excretion . Expenditure process ( excretion ) is almost always involves a process of osmoregulation , a process untukmemelihara osmotic pressure in humans and animals in the face of the environmental condition of the body parts that are used to perform osmoregulation in every kind of animal is varied .
a. Simple Animals ( Animal porous / sponges ) body part is used to regulate the concentration of body fluids simply by the process of diffusion and osmosis directly through the cell membrane
b . Single-celled animals ( eg Amoeba , Paramaecium ) , body parts are used in osmoregulation
is the contractile vacuole via the mechanism of diffusion and osmosis .
c . Land animals , osmoregulation occurs through organ expenditure ( excretion ) , a kidney . In this case
kidneys act as organs of excretion and osmoregulation .
d . Aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates ( amphibians , fish , insects ) osmoregulation function through specific organs such as gills , skin , and even bowel .

    Kidney , One system expenditure in humans is the urinary system . Human urinary system is composed of kidneys , ureters , bladder , and urethra ( see Figure 1.1 ) . Urinary system functions as follows :
        Filter metabolic waste substances from the blood ; Structure Tool Excretion In Humans
        Controlling blood volume , ie by removing the excess water produced by the cells of the body . Maintaining the amount of water in the blood is important to maintain blood pressure in order to move the gas , and solid waste substances spending remained normal .
        Maintaining equilibrium concentration of certain salts . These salts must be present in certain concentrations for cell survival activities . The main organ of the urinary system is a pair of kidneys . This organ is red brown , shaped like a kidney bean seeds . The location of the kidney in the lumbar region , precisely at the back of the abdomen and protected ribs . The kidneys filter the blood that has been containing metabolic waste from the body's cells .

    skin
    Lungs
    The lungs are organs including expenses incurred due to breathing air containing carbon dioxide and water resulting from the activities of the cell . The release of water could be seen when you breathe in cold air in the form of fog . Every day the body to release approximately 350 ml of water in the form of water vapor through the respiratory system . To prove the presence of water and carbon dioxide did
    heart
    Heart had a role in the system of spending because of liver cells to function as a place overhaul of red blood cells and decipher hameglobin resulting dyestuff bile ( bilirubin ) . The dye is released into bile in the urine and feces . The liver also plays a role in the formation of urea from ammonia , which is then excreted through the kidneys with urine .
good summary of the System Excretion In Humans for the visitors who visit this humble blog .

Female reproductive system

When a woman enters puberty , egg cells begin to grow in the sexual organs of a pair of ovaries . Unlike a man , a woman's reproductive system organs of internal organs , being in the ovary body lies in the lower part of the body cavity . Approximately one month each ovary produces an egg cook . This process is called ovulation . The two ovaries produce eggs turns each month . The resulting egg into the oviduct If fertilized by a sperm , the egg will continue to be in the oviduct . Vibrating hairs in the fallopian tubes that help to move the egg toward the uterus ( womb ) . The uterus has a hollow structure , shaped like a guava fruit , and is the organ that is filled with muscle . The walls are thickened when inside the fertilized egg or zygote grows and develops . The lower part of the uterus associated with the outside of the body through the presence of a muscular tube called the vagina . The vagina is also called the birth canal , because
as the passage of the baby at birth .
briefly organs of the female reproductive system and its functions can be seen in the picture on the following explanation :

    Generate ovarian egg
    Channelling oviduct eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
    Uterus The fertilized egg cell growth
    Receive vaginal sperm cells and the way the baby is born

Fertilization process

Since no cell theory in 1939 , scientists knew that humans evolved from an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm . Consolidation of sperm with the egg known as the fertilization process , or fertilization . Sperm is collected in the vagina , and then moves toward the uterus through the channel Uran eggs . While it is generally only one egg is produced , while the number of sperm deposited ranged between 200-300 million . Of the many sperm , only one can fertilize the egg after a sperm can penetrate the outer surface of the egg at fertilization , the egg immediately develop a chemical barrier . This means that the egg is coated by the compounds
certain that millions of others do not participate sperm to fertilize the egg . When the sperm merges with the egg in the process of fertilization , the zygote formed has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus . Fertilization between egg and sperm occurs in the oviduct , and produce the zygote moves from the oviduct to the uterus . Over time , the zygote undergo cell division . After about 7 days , a collection of cells which are spherical zygote cleavage results will be embedded in the uterine wall . Before the zygote embedded , uterine wall thickening that had already been prepared to accept the zygote . Zygote in the uterus will grow for 9 months until the baby is born . For humans and certain animals that embryonic development occurs in the body of the female parent , there is a period before birth is called gestation period or pregnancy . While tissues , organs and body systems evolve , embryo in the uterus must obtain food and oxygen , and remove metabolic waste materials . Embryos must also be protected . Study the following to be able to discover how the human embryo is protected to keep it alive .

Brain function

Brain function , as well as other organs composed of different bagianbagian . Each part has a different function . The human brain consists of three main parts . Let us look more closely to each section . The parts in question is the cerebrum , cerebellum , and the medulla oblongata .

    The cerebrum ( large brain ) is the part of the brain that control thought , reason , and the senses . most of what you see is the cerebrum . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain . This section has the folds . The cerebrum has multiple functions . One of its functions is to store the message . Normally this function is called memory . The cerebrum receives messages from all sensory organs , for example, which may be interpreted as the sound of music , laughter , or the sound of a whistle . Vision may be interpreted as a bright flower colors or dark clouds . The cerebrum is also the center of muscle control . Message to the movement of the hands and feet starting from the cerebrum . Book of pain or touch ended in the cerebrum . The cerebrum also controls personality . Some of the functions of the cerebrum are aware . Conscious means can be controlled . For example, you decide to move your feet , then you do it . The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres . The right side of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body and also receive messages from the left side of the body . The left side of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body and also receive messages from the right side of the body .
    ( cerebellum ) is a part of the brain that helps you move gentle and supple not stiff like a robot . How does the size of the cerebellum compared to the cerebrum ? In which the cerebellum is located , in front of or behind kepalamukah ? All the nerves entering and leaving the brain originating from and going to the muscles send messages to the cerebellum . Cerebellum help you to stay balanced . Work cerebellum is unconscious , which means you can not
    The third part of the brain is the medulla oblongata . Medulla oblongata seems similar to the spinal cord , but function very differently . Medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that control heart rate , breathing , and blood pressure . All work is handled by the medulla oblongata is outside of consciousness . Work medulla oblongata does not require you to think first.
good summary article on Brain Function material can benefit from the visitors who visit this blog thank you .