MAKE ORGANIC PESTICIDE ADHESIVE

The recipe is very simple with a material that is readily available around us . That needs to be examined is how the dose / concentration of the organic pesticide use adhesive that is most appropriate . Besides how long the adhesive durability of organic pesticides in storage also needs to be investigated .
Equipment and Materials Adhesives Organic Pesticides :

    1 piece Blender
    1 piece egg chicken / duck ( duck is better )
    1 tablespoon cooking oil
How to Make Organic Pesticides Adhesives ( scale 1 spray tank ) :

    Insert 1 piece of chicken egg and a tablespoon of cooking oil ( to make 10 tanks that use 10 eggs plus 10 spoons of cooking oil ) .
    Blend until completely mixed ( homogeneous )
    Combine with the pesticide solution in the spray tank until completely mixed .
    Pesticide spray evenly to all surfaces of the leaves .
Recipe adhesive organic pesticides can be used to make ovusida ( membungkerkan eggs , spay eggs , kill eggs ) caterpillars or eggs of other pests that pest eggs can not be hatched by simply adding certain ingredients in the adhesive organic pesticides . Therefore wait for upcoming posts , maspary at the Farm Gate will share tips on how to make ovusida / spay way pest eggs .

Armyworm CONTROL IN RICE PLANT

The armyworm attack rice plants at all stadia . The attacks usually occur at night while during the day armyworm larvae burrow at the base of the plants , in the soil or in hidden places . Seranga this caterpillar eating leaf strands starting from the end of the main veins of leaves and left to live without leaves of rice plants . In plants that have formed tassel , armyworms often cut stalk tassel , even armyworm is also attacking rice that has begun to turn yellow . Turning yellow rice stem the rot and die which eventually led to crop failure . Offensive or off when the yellow rice panicle this is very detrimental to farmers .
Armyworms have polyfag nature ( eat all the plants ) so that not only attack armyworms rice plants , but armyworms ( Spodoptera litura ) even more frequently attacked pepper plants , red onion , and soy . These pests can attack a plant very quickly , even in a day can be depleted leaves of a plant attacked by hordes of armyworms . Plant pests ( OPT ) is menggrogoti the leaves starting at the bottom to the top or even to the remaining epidermisnya alone . If the leaves of a plant is damaged , then the plants can not photosynthesis and can not increase the productivity of these crops .
Adult insects of this type has a length Leucania Separata front wingspan between 45-50 mm with varying colors between red brick to brown . These insects aged 3-7 days and for a female insects can lay eggs as many as 80-230 grains .
Adult insects Spodoptera litura , has a body length of 20-25 mm , aged 5-10 days and for a female insects can lay 1,500 types of items in groups of 300 grains . These insects are very active at night , while during the day the adult insect is dark and silent place to hide .
These insects have eggs with a round shape . The eggs of insects Leucania separata arrangement laid out in 2 rows in the leaf roll or on the lower surface of the leaf base , with a size of 0.5 x 0.45 mm , gray-white color and turn yellow before hatching . While the composition of the insect Spodoptera F eggs laid in groups each group composed of 2-3 layers of eggs , and eggs group covered by the short hairs yellowish brown with age eggs 3-4 days .
Leucania separata larval instar has a number 6 with a size of 1.8 mm length of instar 1 and 6 instar length 30-35 mm green to pink and aged 14-22 days . At the back there are 4 longitudinal black stripe along the body .
Larval instar Spodoptera litura has a number 5 with 1 long instar size 1.0 mm long and 5 instar 40-50 mm brown to blackish brown with yellow spots and age 20-26 days . Throughout the body on both sides each have 2 light brown lines .
Armyworm insects to watch out for during the day did not appear and usually hide in dark places and in the soil , but in the evening a great attack and can even lead to crop failures , perhaps that is why it is referred to as the insect armyworm .
In a dry wetland often attacked by pests armyworm therefore , to control armyworms this diary should paddy soil conditions and necessary early observations in order to avoid severe attack .
Initial observations can be done in a way if there is a butterfly or moth and visible presence of insect eggs can be done by mechanical means ie catch butterflies with nets and kill insect eggs were found .
Although the age of the armyworm larvae or range 20-26 days , but need to watch out because the larvae or caterpillars can attack virtually all phases of plant growth , including rice at all stages of growth .
After 20-26 days the caterpillar alive and attack the plant , then it will turn into a cocoon and then turn into a butterfly . Butterflies lay eggs and after 4-5 days to hatch into caterpillars or larvae that will attack the plants .
( source : www.cybex.deptan.go.id )
How to control armyworms by Muhammad Arifin who as a professor and researcher at the Agency for Agricultural Research is as follows :

    Vegetable insecticides are plant extracts that have insecticidal properties . Azadirachtin extracted from the leaves and seeds of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) is one of the secondary metabolites that can be used as an insecticide active ingredient . Azadirachtin acts as an inhibitor of growth and metamorphosis , barrier eating activity , the presence of insect repellent ( repellent ) , and pemandul insects ( sterillant ) ( Shetlar and Hale , 2008) . Vegetable insecticide with the active ingredient azadirachtin is effective against armyworms . Neem seed powder ( 50 g / l of water ) were able to shut off the third instar caterpillars by 67 % - 83 % ( Indiati , 2009; Koswanudin , 2002) . This insecticide properties , among other short persistence so that repeated applications necessary in order to achieve maximum effectiveness ( Indiati , 2009) .
    Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) is a gram- positive rod-shaped , aerobic , and spore-forming . These bacteria contain protein crystals ( δ - endotoxin ) in inclusion body which causes paralysis of the intestine so that the insect stops eating and lead to death ( Bahagiawati , 2002) . Bt var kustaki easily produced and effective against armyworms . LC50 values ​​within 72 hours for the third instar caterpillars at 259.895 ppm ( Nurramdhan , 2005) . Bt has low toxicity , low residue , slow degradation , and limited contact activity . Bt success relies on monitoring activities and applications when insects are vulnerable in the life cycle ( Williamson , 1999) .
    Metarhizium anisopliae is pathogenic fungi in various types of insects and is a saprophyte in the soil . This fungus has a high reproductive capacity , short life cycle , can form spores that are durable in nature even in unfavorable conditions , is relatively safe , selective , relatively easy to produce , and does not lead to resistance ( Hall , 1973) . Spores (also called conidia ) in contact with the insect host's body will germinate and then penetrate the cuticle and insects thrive in the body resulting in death . Aided by the influence of this deadly poison called destruxin . Dead caterpillar cuticle hardens like a mummy and grow spores white then green when the humidity is high enough ( Wikipedia , 2009) . Insect pathogenic fungus is easily propagated and effective against armyworms . Conidia at a concentration of 107/ml were diaplikaskan one is able to kill armyworms up to 40 % while that was applied three times increased to 83 % ( Prayogo et al . , 2005) .
    Nomuraea rileyi is a fungal pathogen in various types of insects . The fungus spores attach to the insect's body and then germinate and penetrate the body wall . In the caterpillar 's body , damaging tissues the fungus produces mycotoxins using . As a result , the caterpillar disturbed metabolism , feeding activity decreased , and finally died with a body like a mummy . Fungal sporulation begins 1-2 days after the caterpillars die ( Deacon , 1983) . Insect pathogenic fungus is easily propagated and effective against armyworms . Application is done by spraying spores at a dose of 500 l / ha . This fungus LC50 values ​​for instar armyworm IIIsebesar 1,471 x 106 spores / ml ( Suparjiyem et al . , 2006) .
    Steinernema and Heterorhabditis nematodes are capable of infecting a variety of insects for each mutualistic symbiotic - pathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdatus and Photorhabdus in the digestive tract ( Kaya and Gaugler , 1993) . Stadia called third instar infective juveniles ( JI ) live freely in the soil , into the insect body through the mouth hole , anus , or spiracles and inter- segment membranes integument ( U Mass Extension , 2000) In the insect body cavity , JI releasing bacteria symbionts . The bacteria multiply , killing the insect through the process of insect blood poisoning ( septicemia ) and provide appropriate environmental conditions for growth and reproduction of the nematode . After 1-2 weeks , the newly formed JI left dead insect bodies and searching for a new host . Steinernema and Heterorhabditis effective against armyworms . At a dose of 500 JI / tail worms , two nematode species are able to kill armyworms 98 % ( Chaerani and Suryadi , 1999) . Nematodes applied in the field with a dose of 109 JI / ha ( Biogen , 2004) .
    NPV (nuclear - polyhedrosis virus ) is a rod-shaped virus and insect pathogens present in the inclusion body called polyhedra . Polyhedra shaped faceted crystals , found in the nucleus of cells of susceptible insect host , such as hemolimfa , fat body , hypodermis , and tracheal matrix . NPV has beneficial properties , such as: a ) a specific host , b ) does not harm the natural enemies , humans , and the environment , ( c ) can overcome the problem of pest resistance to insecticides , and (b ) is compatible with other IPM tactics , including chemical insecticides ( Arifin et al . , 1995) .
    SlNPV infected armyworm ( Spodoptera litura nuclear - polyhedrosis virus ) looks greasy , accompanied by the integument membranes swell and change color becomes pale - reddish body , especially on the abdomen . Caterpillars tend to creep up to the top of the plant and then die in a state of quasi- hang with a foot on parts of the plant . Bioinsektisida SlNPV at a dose of 500 g / ha ( equivalent to 1.5 x 1011 Pibs / ha ) were applied twice in an interval of a week , each with a dose of 250 g / ha , effective against ulatgrayak in soybean . The SlNPV treatment lowers the caterpillar population and 91 % lower yield loss save 14 % higher than the insecticide treatment ( Arifin et al . , 1995) .
    Insect Pheromones are compounds produced by female insects and is a means of communication with other insects of the same species . Pheromones are used by insects for sexual attraction , gather , scatter , laying eggs , and warning signs . Special sex pheromones , there are four usefulness in pest control programs , namely as a trap , flight monitoring , detection and monitoring of the population , as well as nuisance insects marriage for males ( Williamson , 1999) . Generally these compounds are not used effectively to control pests , but is used as a material traps in monitoring pest populations . Scientists have been able to analyze the chemistry of sex pheromones and produce it synthetically in the laboratory ( Suharto , 1996) . A total of three sex pheromone traps containing soybean mounted at the age of 1-5 weeks were able to attract as many armyworm moths 417-615/ha ( Chiu et al . , 1993) .
    Environmental factors , particularly solar rays 290 to 400 nm , can inactivate insect pathogens ( bacteria , fungi , viruses , and protozoa ) . Half-life of various types of inoculum ( conidia , spores , virions , and toxins ) are exposed to solar rays reached in 1 hour for insect pathogens sensitive and 96 hours for insect resistant pathogens ( Ignoffo , 1992) .

PEST CONTROL WHITE FAKE Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

Although fake white pests ( Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ) not major pests and pests harmful to plants rice but still fake white pests will impact detrimental to farmers . From experience maspary fake white pests occurs when plants are still in the vase vegetative ( young plants ) although not rule also sometimes occurs when the plant is out of panicles . And usually the attack which means that when damage occurs when the leaves of rice entering the maximum tillering phase and maturation phase reaches > 50 % .

Are the leaves of rice plants you suddenly become thin white vertical roll and a lot of that ? If yes , it means a fake white pest attack symptoms . Damage from the larvae / caterpillar pests fake white look with the white color on the leaves in the crop . The larvae eat the leaves of green tissue in the folds of the leaves leaving the lower surface of the leaves that are white . The life cycle of this pest ranges from 30-60 days .Before the fake white pests are usually preceded by the presence of the moth / butterfly yellow brown which has three black bands with incomplete or interrupted line on the front wing . At rest , the moth is triangular . If the planting area of our arrival white moth pests false as shown below then we must be vigilant .
Fake white pest control measures :
To control pests fake white needs to be done the following steps :

    Fake white pests if left unchecked will usually stop on their own and rarely resulted in crop failure . Rice plant pests can be recovered when water and fertilizer properly managed .
    Try to reduce the attack of plant maintenance as possible so that the plants can grow good , healthy , and uniform .
    Perform air drying to reduce moisture around rice
    Use insecticides ( if necessary ) active ingredient fipronil or dimehipo .
referensi picture : http://www.gerbangpertanian.com/2012/12/mengendalikan-hama-putih-palsu.html

PLANT PEST CONTROL WHITE RICE

Pests are usually white ( Nymphula depuntalis guenee ) attack plants older than 6 weeks . A characteristic that can be seen as a sign of the presence of pests are white tubes made ​​from the leaves of rice plants tergerek ( truncated ) containing larvae and pupae were used for self-protection and deployment in search of food . Normally these tubes much floating in paddy fields. Unlike the fake white pests that just roll without cutting and broaching plant chlorophyll .
How to pest control white ( Nymphula depuntalis guenee ) :

    Cleaning grasses that are white pest host plants ( Nymphula depuntalis guenee ) . White pest host plants include grasses and grass pickled Lempuyangan
    The most effective control measure is according maspary land by drying for 5-7 days . Because the larvae of the white pest breathe by taking oxygen from the water so that it will lose the pest dried oxygen / can not breathe . Weird huh .... living in breathing in the air but that's water proof power of Allah .
    There is another way , which is to collect larvae and pupae are white and penguburnya pests .
The morphology and biology of pests white ( Nymphula depuntalis guenee ) :
Moth / Imago

    The color white moth , wing length 6 mm and a wing span of 15 mm
    It comes at night and attracted light
eggs

    Round shape light yellow
    Eggs are laid in groups on the leaves or the stem adjacent to the surface of the water , the number of eggs 10-20 grains / group .
    The tail moth can produce 50 eggs
    Stage eggs 2-6 days
Larvae / caterpillar

    The first instar cream-colored with a mean size of 1.2 mm length and 0.2 mm width and yellow head
    Larvae make dipotog rolls of leaves and live in rolls ( tube ) TSB .
    Each molt switch tube
    Average of 20 days and experienced stage 5 instars .
    Two instars are green . At the maximum growth of the larvae reach 14 mm long and 1.6 mm wide
Pupa / Cocoon

    Beige color , towards becoming moths to white color
    Pupa is formed in the tube .
    Mean stage 7 days .
    Parasites pupa is Tetrastichus sp and Apsilops cintroticus
referensi Picture  http://www.gerbangpertanian.com/2012/12/mengendalikan-hama-putih-tanaman-padi.html

SOME FACTS BACILLUS SP IN AGRICULTURE

The use of biological agents in agriculture deserves to be developed following the massive recall that the balance of the ecosystem functions . Bacteria reported to suppress the growth of pathogens in the soil naturally , some genus Agrobacterium lot of attention , namely , Bacillus , and Pseudomonas ( Hasanuddin , 2003)
Bacillus sp . is a group of gram-positive bacteria are often used as biological control root diseases . Members of this genus have advantages , because the bacteria form spores that are easily stored , has a long life durability , and relatively easy inoculated into the soil . Bacillus sp . has been shown to have potential as biological control is good , for example against pathogenic bacteria such as R. solanacearum ( Soesanto , 2008) .
Bacillus sp . can produce phytohormones potentially to develop sustainable agricultural systems . Phytohormones produced soil bacteria can affect plant growth , either directly or indirectly . Fitohormon indirectly inhibit the activity of bacterial pathogens in plants , whereas the direct effect is to increase the phytohormones plant 's growth and can act as a facilitator in the absorption of some nutrients from the environment ( Greenlite , 2009) .
Several species of Bacillus sp . which produce antibiotics can be used as a biological agent . The type of antibiotic that produced , among others, in the form of iturin , surfactin , fengicin , polymyxin , difficidin , subtiline , and mycobacilin ( Todar , 2005) .
Function of Bacillus spp . ( such as Bacillus subtillis ) , among others, can control the disease on potato and potato tuber yield increase up to 160 % . Bacillus spp . can control the disease and lincat on tobacco bacterial wilt disease in tomato seeds caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco plants
Baker et al in Hasanuddin ( 2003) states when the sterile filtration of cultures of Bacillus subtilis was applied three times a week to control rust diseases on field pea crops markedly better than mancozeb fungicide applications once a week .